
Book . \\ 1 C;vft 



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SOUVENIR... 

AND GUIDE BOOK 



-OF- 



HARPER'S FERRY, 
ANTIETAM and 
SOUTH MOUNTAIN 




....BATTLEFIELDS. 

^M t<5^ c5^ 

BY 

S. RD. GROVE, 

HARPER'S FERRY, 
...W. Va... 

^^ c^^ c^^ 



PRESS OF 

THOMPSON BROTHERS, 

MARTINSBURG, 

W. VA. 

i8g8 



5TiU'\b 






2()5nB 



COPYRIGHT, 1898, 
BY S. ED. GROVE, HARPER'S FERRY, W. VA. 






PREFACE. 



I have no doubt disappointed very many of my friends and I 
have scarcely half improved the opportunity that laid before me 
in the compilation of this little Souvenir and Guide Book, j^et 
I feel that I have met a want and linked together two events in 
history that are peculiarly fitted to be thus associated. 

What Brown' s Eaid failed to accomplish on Oct. 16th, 1859, was 
madepossible three years later by the battlesofAntietam and South 
Mountain, fought nearly upon the same spot. What the poor 
w^ool-dealer and his followers failed to do unlawfully, was done as 
a measure of war by the U. S. Government upon the issue of 
these battles. 

I have reference to the Emancipation Proclamation, issued Jan. 
1st, 1863. 

The provisions of the Chatham Constitution, over which 
Brown would liked to have remodeled the government (given 
elsewhere) are virtually the same as the present Constitution, 
slavery being omitted. And the crowning results of the war, 
no doubt, surpasses the most roseate dreams of the raiders. 

I have no war prejudices and was but a little boy in kilts at 
the time, and remember but its pomp. I view the results 
through honest spectacles. I do not assume the sole authorship 
of the little book, either ; a number of friends contributed to its 
success. Principally is Dr. Thos. Fatherstonhaugh, Washington, 
D. C, who contributed photos of all the raiders and their legal 
prosecutors and counsel, without which the book would have 
been divested of much of its interest. 

Others contributed willingly and abundantly in various di- 
rections, for all which I herewith extend my most heartfelt 
gratitude. 

v^ t^ t^ 



S' Harper^s Ferry, S' 



"VVhetlier I sliall call this book a souvenir of the gorgeous scen- 
ery that breaks upon tlie eye, or the great natural gateway of 
tlie Potomac and Shenandoah rivers, as tliey embrace and flow 
to the sea, or the outlet of the great western traffic that seeks 
the seaboard for foreign distribution over the first, and possibly 
the greatest, trunk-line in existence, or should name it the U. S. 
Armory, estal)lished long years ago, by the illustrious citizen 
'' who was iirst in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of 
his countrymen," or by the more recent but no less significant 
event, John Brown's raid — each and all would point with unerr- 
ing finger to Haii)er's Ferry. 

People of other lands who are found ignorant of important 
'American cities, know of Harper's Ferry, and, thus, its fame is 
world-wide. 

Thomas Jefferson has said, in his notes on Virginia, ^'This 
scene is Avorth a voyage across the Atlantic," and a chorus of 
aniens have followed in its confirmation. The mountains, con- 
sisting of Maryland, Loudoun and Bolivar heights, are known as 
Hai'per's Ferry, and stand 1700 feet above sea level, and 600 
feet above the surrounding country, with an abiding river air, 
which makes it an admirable summer resort. 

It is beautiful in all its as])ects. The i-ays of the morning suu 
bursting upon its dew-dipiK'd mountains and valleys; its even- 
ing rays falling upon and lighting, with gold, its mountain 
l)eaks and cloud- flecked heavens, and under the silver-sheen of 
the more mellow moonlight, the scene is placed beyond the i)en 
to describe. 

The Fall l)rings the varied coloi-s of the autumnal foliage 
which possesses a richer lustre under the more slantern and 
golden sun, and which, m ith the silvery surface and music of the 
rivers, make enchantment complete. 

Bolivar Heights is an inspiration. 

A lofty wooded summit, extending from the Potomac to Shen- 
andoah river and facing the great mountain gap at Harper's 
Ferry, it commands a full sweep of the Blue Kidge Irom Mary- 



6 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

land and Pennsylvania on tlie loft to Luray, Va., on the right. 
Westward, across the Shenandoah Yallcy, is seen the North 
Mountains, stretching from Pennsylvania, ninety miles to the 
West of Woodstock, Ya. Between these two great mountain 
chains, to the northward, are the superb views of the Potomac, 
and beyond lie the battle-scared foothills of the Blue Ridge, ex- 
tending eastward from Antietam. The cultivated field and im- 
proved farms that lie in the valley and upon the tablelands 
diversify the landscape with good etiect. Besides, it contains 
ruined ramparts of the late civil war, and marks the surrendei 
and death of Col. Miles. 

Camp Hill lies on a subdued bluff, east of Bolivar Heights, 
and Harper's Ferry, proper, at its feet, upon a tongue of land 
that gradually slopes into the river. History and world-wide 
science keep perpetual school here. 

The canal boat threads its slow and weary way beneath the 
shadow of the winding mountains of the Maryland side, while 
opposite the fast express train hugs the foot of the heights and 
shoots in and out upon its serpentine track, like a darting spar- 
row. 

The clouds of smoke belching from engines struggling 
with heavy freight trains through the tunnel and up an as- 
cending grade, along with the dam of the pulp mill, where 
fishing and rowing are indulged in and sometimes a steam 
yacht plys, add variety and interest still further to the scenery 
of the place. 

ST. PETER'S CATHOLIC CHURCH. 

IVritten by a Visitor. 

'' On a cliff of a hill at the Ferry 

At a point where two rivers meet, 
Stands St. Peter's, so stately and airy, 

The towui nestling down at its feet. 

Before it, in rapturous beauty, 

Rise mountains with peaks in the sky. 

While behind it, as soldier on duty, 
Old ''Jefferson's Rock" greets the eye. 

Was there ever a scene more uplifting? 

Was there ever a vision more fair 
Than this fane in an era of drifting, 

Encircled by mounts in the air." 



POINTS OF INTEREST IN HARPER'S FERRY. 




ST. PETER'S CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
6^* c^* e^* 

Visitors^ Opinion of Harper^s Ferry. 

special Cor. Columbian. 

Washington, D. C, July 27, 1897. 

Having a day's holiday, I utilized it by paying a visit to Har- 
per's Ferry, whicli I had never seen in daylight. The geography 
I studied, in my youth, credited Thomas Jetl'erson with stating 
tluit this locality is one of the most stupendous scenes in nature, 
and I have always had a desire to gaze upon it. There are 
mighty changes, througli man's handiwork, since Jefferson's 
time, but these, if anything, add to the majesty or rather to the 
diversified picturesqueness of the spectacle. By the B. &. O. 
fast trains the trip is delightful as well as rapid. There is a 



h 



8 SOUVENIR AM) (aiDK I5()()K. 

constant t'lianj^v of aspect, from the cai- window. Tlic sul»url>s 
of Washington have biH'n splendidly improved and the oliaiin- 
ing scenery of villa sites and new handets extend lor miles. 
An hour's run brings us to the upper Potomac and the canal 
along its banks, which winds from fJeoi'getown to Cund)erland. 
Slow as is the boat transit, much bulky merchandise, chietiy 
coal, is transported. I suppose that s\\ ift ti'ains do not annoy 
the boatmn, because, like the traditional skiinied eel, '"they be 
used to it." 



THE GEAND, BEAUTIFUL AND HISTOKIC. 

At a place called Buchanan, the B. & O. concentiatcs many 
locomotives and cai'S along a wilderness of tracks, and one can 
see, at a glance, how ti'eniendous is the equipment of the system. 
Here, too, the mountains rise giganticall3\ Penetrating a 
tunnel, the splendid and subliniely beautiful location of Harpers 
Ferry bursts upon the vision. Here the Potomac cleaves through 
the Blue Eidge, eager to embrace the Shenandoah, which rushes 
to the contact from its West Virginia barricade. The town of 
Harper's Feiry is situated on a tongue of land formed by the 
two rivers. It is a rocky height, with the towering cliffs of 
Maryland and Virginia on either side. Across the rivers are 
numerous spans of iron bridges for railway passage and vehicles 
of the farmer. Here the B. & O. branches toward the Virginia 
Valley wliei'e Lee and Jackson sleep in death. Just at the apex 
of the bridges is a small granite monument indicating the site of 
John Brown's fort. 

* * * 

ON THE HEIC;HTS. 

I climbed the steep acclivities of High street and reached the 
top of Bolivar Heights, where there is a hotel. Along the street 
were many pretty dwellings and excellent gardens. Emerging 
from the avenue I strolled to a vacant lot and sat upon a stone 
to leisurely observe the panorama. Far below, the Potomac 
surged over innumerable ledges, foaming through rocks and 
fretting against a small island. The mighty mountain rampait 
of Maryland rose beyond, while at its base the canal threaded a 
sluggish way. Just above, a dam impounded the watei's for a 
pulp mill. On the near side, the steel tracks of the B. ..^ (). 
were visible, and many trains thundered by shriekingly. When 
I had seen enough, for the time, I descended the Heights by 



POINTS OF INTHKKST I\ HAKI'F.HS FKKHV. 



9 



aiiotlior i'<)ut<'. and near llic l)ase, but still on an elevated ])latean, 
overlookinii the iiiiiij;lin,u nf the watci's. I eaiiicto tlic I'csidcnec 
of the Catholic pastoi'. Father Kelly. 'I'o reach hisddor, I had 
to cross a brid'i;e. Very rej^ivt fully I heard that he was ahseiit. 
Just above the i-ectoi-y is a venei-able, dilai)idated and descited 
Episcopal ehui'ch, where Catholics weie holdinu; a festival. On 
a line with the pi'iest's house, a handsome granite chuicli is in 
course of erection for oni' l)retliren. It is dedicated to .St. Petei-, 
and pious folks must clind) steep steps, liewn in the rock, to 
reach it. Luckily they ai'e accustomed to such pedt'strianism. 
The (\itliolic congi-egation is the largCvSt numerically and I heaid 
tliat it Mas about to be increased by converts who dwell on the 
Loudoun I leiii'hts of Virginia. 



Souvenir of the Summer of J 896* 



A MOUNTAIN SPIRIT? IN CLOUD LAND. 

On the mountain si(h\ alone with sweet memory of happy 
ln>urs that ar(^ past, the (h'clining day biings the witching hour 

of twilight. Through lace- 
like clouds, spun by unseen 
angel liands, we see this 
spirit cai'i-ying a "mes- 
sage" of love to loved ones 
that are absent. 

A man of gentle birth 
with simple taste and habit, 
leaves his ancestral home 
in rock-i'ibbed Xew Eng- 
land and follows the hom- 
ing birds of song to the 
sunny land of the South, 
and there finds a mate. 
The ''honey-moon'''' lasts 
the life of a beautiful loving 
woman — then the angel of 
death closes the i)0i-tal of 
happiness to a stricken heart— an e\ei" jn-esent tragedy ! * H: * 
The scene changes : more than twenty-five years have passed, 
leaving the marks of time — but the heart of the man remains 
young and feels the sensation of desire, hope, anticipation, in- 
spiration and giatitnde. »*-^ince those days of sorrow, .stditude 




CHIMNEY ROCK. 



POIVI^S OF INTEKKST IX HAKPEK'^S FEKKV. 11 

•silone has olaiiiKMl his attention and [)iini('\al lorcst has been liis 
AJma Mater. Nature lias been his teaehei-. Kustic roads o'er- 
sliadowed by leaf and tree, with o]>en vistas of i)eaeetnl valley, 
elond-tipped inoniitains, garland homes and windinj^ paths to 
springs of limpid waters, become familial', and e;»mradBship of 
congenial s])irits, and lvin<l an<l lo\ing attentions marke<l these 
highways of human life, as milestones on the way to the home 
•of the blest ! 

This beantifnl Spii'it of retinemeiit and grace, around which 
hovers the presence of the Dove of Peace — long ago the bright 
harbinger of promise, comes like an inspiration into this old 
man's life : and lie lives again ! and the tii-e of youth thrills his 
heart with ne\v impulse, and the tragedy of his young days fade 
away ; while he listens to the voice of this sentient being, 
so excpiisite. sympathetic and beautiful is its harmony. 

On the mountain top ! 

The winding paths by boulder rock o'ergrown with moss and 
fern, where once the raging water ran, this" Spirit, more mortal 
than divine and more spirituelJe than mortal, passed in and out 
before our eyes, a very San J^uouventura and beneficence ! 

From an open vista a world of beauty and surpassing wonder 
lies at our feet ! Mountains rear their hoary heads, flowing 
rivers wind their silver sheen through "Pleasant Valleys," and 
modest homes dot the landscape o'er — a picture of rural content- 
ment and peace. A great thought thrills again an expectant 
lieart. Some day ? on the breast of dear loving Mother-Xature, 
will lie the precious body of those we love, while the spirit takes 
its flight beyond the clonds we see, beyond the ether-blue, be- 
yond the fading and fadeless stars of hope to the realms of 
eternal rest ! 

Something tells us we shall always know those we have met 
and loved in this life. 

But for the passing moment I still can say : 

" Oh stay, thou art so fair." 

J. W. Farrar. 

CUPPED FROM harper's FERRY SENTINEL. 

There is no finer scenery this side of the *' Kockies." It is of 
surpassing beauty and grandeur — mountain upon mountain 
range greet one from every point of the compass. The valleys 
and table-lands are covered with cultivation, and picturesque 
homes of a kindly and hospitable people. Winding roads take 
one through primeval forests where every form of flora is pleas- 



12 



SOUVENIR AM) (UIDK HOC^Iv. 



ing to tlie eye of the artist, a clianii to the sense of the i-efiiied ; 
Jill of which impress the lover of Xatnrc witli the wonders of her 
kingdom. The far-famed Shenandoah Valley is in sight from 
every hilltop, inonntain range and high table-land; cool 
bi'eezes, wafted tVom pine forests and healing l)alsani that till the 
ail" with ai'omatic i>erfnme. It is here more than anywhere that 
Xatni-e meets yon with a welconje that is as generous as it is 
kind, and where people are hos])itable withont effusiveness and 
charitable without cant. 

Maryland, Londonn and Bolivar Heights stand as great 
sentinels to guard the open door of the historic Potomac aud 
beautiful Shenandoah as they break away from tlieir euibrace 
aud flow ouward toward the mighty oceau. 

Upon these heights will stand, some day in the near future, 
modern hotels, whose sumptuous appointments of flashing light, 
sparkling fountains and intoxicating music, will attract the rich, 
the educated, the artist. 



sVa 



the poet, the literati, and 
the man of affairs. These 
in turn will induce others 
of like taste and envii-on- 
uient to come here and 
build cottages, and out of 
those there will be found 
brave and energetic spirits k-\' 
M'ho take counsel of their 
judgment and will turn this 
vast waste of water to some 
better use than carrying- 
water to market in a sieve. 
All sentiment aside. There 
is no nnison why Mai-y- 
land and Yii'ginia should 
not be as populons as 
France, Belgium or Ger- 
many. We certainly are 
as intelligent and far more 
enterprising. In those for- 
eign countries rivei's like 

tlie Potomac and Shenandoah would have huudreds of mills 
giving em])loyment to many po])nlous cities. The music of 
whii-ling spindles, throbbing looms and vibrating machinery 
ought now to be heai'd at JIarper's Feri-y, in place of the Dolce 




GRAVES OF SOME OF BROWM'S FOLLOWERS, ON THE 
SHENANDOAH RIVER AT HARPER'S FERRY. 



poI^'T^^ OF intkep:st IX harper's ferry, 



13 




far niente of the well-to-tlo mid tlie siesta of the indifferent. 
Tliese mid-Southern States could <;et all the supplies that enter 
llic home and are used upon the farm, and in the factory, right 
at their very doors, by investing their eajjital in a gicat maiiu- 
factniing plant at Harper's Ferry. 

Authority is given for 
the statement that army 
officers are ready to make 
investments here just as 
soon as proper inducements 
are guaranteed as to reason- 
ableness of price. This is 
a subject that should re- 
ceive the attention of all 
those who are interested in 
the welfare of the two 
towns of Harper's Ferry 
and Bolivar. 

It is when prominent 
men of means are induced 
to invest and settle here 
that one may expect a rise 
in values, and it is through 
their presence and interest that others are temj)ted to come. It 
is population that makes land valuable. 

In this high altitude the dawn and twilight, with great 
mountain ranges for a back -ground, suggest to the artist an in- 
spiration for his brush, the poet a theme for his fancy, the lover 
an opportunity, while the care-worn and weary find here the 
rest and solace thej' so greatly desire. Here will be found pure 
water, exhilarating air and the silence of nature that follows you 
through the wakeful hours of the day, when twilight comes with 
sunset gloi-ies so transcendently beautiful that one's thoughts 
are insensibly carried beyond the fadeless stars to the mysteries 
of the unknown ! The dawn ; well, yes, one does have to get up 
early to witness the changing hue of sky and mountain top ; but 
one is repaid, for it is then that the song birds fly away from 
their nigiit-nests to meet their mates, singing as they go, making 
the air resonant with songs of their love-making. As the sun's 
rays penetrate vale and glen they are transformed into bowers 
where Xature makes her toilet and due-drops hang pendant like 
diamonds, pearls and sapphii'cs ! This whole country is histoi'ic 
with legends of battle, romance, folk-lore, song and story. All 



JOHN BROWN'S FORT. 



14 



SOUVENi:^ AND GUIDE BOOK. 



this wealth of dense forest, running streams of water from cool 
mountain springs, towering heights, cloucl-caped and luminous 
with golden sun and glow of softer sheen fi-om silver moon, is at 
the very doors of the capital of a mighty empire ! whose destiny 
will yet control the mind, fashion, ethics, invention and phil- 
osophy of the world ! 



^ 



^ 



^ 




SCOTTISH CASTLE, ON BOLIVAR HEIGHTS, 
SUMMER RESIDENCE OF JUDGE VANE. 



JOHN brown's raid. 17 



dt John Brown's Raid* ^ 



The most interesting liistoiical feature of Harper's Ferry is 
John Brown's Eaid. Its fame is as intimately and inseparably 
linked with the town as that of its beautiful scenery. 

Brown and his men (Kansas Eegulars, in part, ) came here 
from bloody Kansas, where they had been oiieratino- to free the 
slaves, by making that state free in the sisterhood of states. 

The President had put a reward of $3000 upon the old man, 
besides he possessed a number of aJiasrs, by which he eluded the 
law in his work of freedom, and the soubriquet of ''Hero of 
Ossawatomie," he won in a battle by that name. The following 
is a description of the famous engagement : " With his force of 
thirty men. Brown fought the enemy from ambush. One of 
Brown's party was killed and three wounded. The enemy lost 
thirty-one killed, with from fifty to sixty wounded. The 
Missoui'ians fled, after setting fire to the houses of Brown's sons. 
After the battle, the old man and his companions stood upon a 
hill overlooking Ossawatomie, and watched the destruction of 
their homes by fire. Brown stood with folded arms, looking at the 
smoke of the burning buildings as they were fired, one by one, 
by the Missourians, and turning to his son, Jason, he said : 

'God sees it ! There will be no more real peace in this coun- 
try until the slavery question is settled. I have no feelings of 
revenge towards the people of the South. I have but a little 
while to live, and but one death to die. I will die fighting- 
slavery.' " 

This result verifies the truth of John Brown's assertion, that 
one man fighting for tVeedom was worth five paid soldiers on the 
other side. The Missourians had 400 or more men. 

A pj'o-slavery ]ueacher, named Martin "White, had, on the 
l^revious day, shot and killed his son, Fred. K. Brown, on the 
public highway, and after the boy was lying dead in the road- 
way fired a pistol shot into the open mouth of the l)od3'. White 
was afterwaids elected to the Ten-itorial I^'gislature, and gave a 
laughable account of the killing in the Assembly. At the close 
of the session. White's corpse was found cold and stiff on the 
l^rairie, on the road leading to his home. 



18 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

The following is a cliaracteristic speech made by John Browu, 
from a store box on the main street of Lawrence, Kansas, upon 
the expected attack of 1000 Missonrians npon the town : 

"Gentlemen, it is said that there are twenty-five hundred 
Missonrians down at Franklin, and that they will be here in two 
hours. You can see for yourselves the smoke they are making 
by setting fii-e to the houses in that town. Now is proba.bly the 
last opportunity you will have of seeing a fight ; so that you had 
better do your best. If they should come up and attack us, 
don' t yell and make a great noise, but remain perfectly silent 
and still. Wait till they get within twenty-five yards of you ; 
get a good object ; be sure you see the hind sight of your gun, 
then fire. A great deal of powder and lead and very precious 
time is wasted by shooting too high. You had better aim at 
their legs than at their heads. In either case be sure of the hind 
sights of your guns. It is from this reason that I myself have 
so many tin>es escaped ; for, if all the bullets which have eyer been 
.aimed at me had hit me, I would have been as full of holes as a 
riddle." 

Brown's share in this bloody campaign was a burnt home, 
dead son, another almost a raving maniac by ill-treatment when 
a prisoner, a third son and son-in-law wounded from gun shots 
from Missonrians, and himself reduced in health. This was in 
the latter part of 1856, and in the Summer of 1859, two years and 
a half later, he and his confeds, as I remarked previously, 
turned up at Harper's Ferry. The following is a terse and 
graphic description given in the ''Annals of Harper's Ferry," 
written by one of its citizens, Joseph Berry, who was an eye 
witness of the event from start to finish, i. e., close of the war : 

During the summer of 1859, a party of strange men made 
their appearance at Sandy Hook, a small village in Washington 
county, Maryland, in the immediate vicinity of Harper's Ferry. 
With them, was an old man of venerable appearance and austere 
demeanor who called himself Smith. They represented them- 
selves as prospecting for minerals and they took frequent and 
long rambles, with this ostensible jjurpose, over the Various 
peaks of the Blue Ridge Mountains. They, at first, boarded at 
the house of Mr. Ormand Butler, where their conduct was unex- 
ceptionable. They jjaid in gold for whatever they purchased, 
and, as their manners were courteous to all, they were, on the 
whole, very popular. After a few weeks' stay at Sandy Hook 
they removed to what is called "The Kennedy Farm," about 
five niiles from Harper's Ferry, on the Maryland side of the Po- 



JOHN bkown'k kaid. 19 

tomac, where tliej' establislied their hetidquarters. While at 
''The Keiniedy Farm," Smith and his party, of whom three 
were his sons, made themselves very agreeable to their 
neighbors and tliej' were as popular there as they had been at 
Sandy Hook. The father was regarded as a man of stern moral- 
ity, devoted to church exercises, and the sons, with the others of 
the party, as good-natured, amiable young men. Thus, things 
continued, 'til the night of Sunday, October ICth, 1859. On 
that night, a little after 10 o'clock, Mr. William Williams, one 
of the Avatchmen on the railroad bridge, was surprised to find 
himself taken prisoner by an armed party, consisting of about 
twenty men, who suddenly made their appearance from the 
Maryland side of the river. Most of the party then proceeded 
to the Armory enclosure, taking with them their pi-isoner 
and leaving two men to guard the bridge. They next captured 
Daniel Whelan, one of the watchmen at the Armory, who was 
jiosted at the front gate, and they took possession of that estab- 
tablishment. The party then divided themselves into two 
bodies, one remaining in the Armory and the other proceeding 
to the Eifle Factoiy, half a mile up the Shenandoah, where they 
captured Mr. Samuel Williams, (father of William Williams, 
before mentioned, ) an old and highly respected man, who was in 
charge of the buildings as night watchman. He was conducted 
to the Armory, where the other prisoners were confined, and a 
detachment of the strangers vras left to supply his place. 
About 12 o'clock Mr. Patrick Higgins, of Sandy Hook, ari-ived 
on the bridge, for the puri)0se of relieving Mr. William Will- 
iams. They were both in the employ of the Baltimore and 
Ohio Eailroad Company as watchmen and each was to serve 
twelve hours of the twenty-four, on duty. Higgins found all in 
darkness and, suspecting that something had gone wrong Mith 
AN'illiams, he called loudly for him. To his astonishment he 
was ordered to halt and two men presented guns at his breast, at 
the same time telling him he was their prisoner. One of them 
undeitook to conduct him to the Armory but, on arriving near 
the Virginia end of the bridge, the hot-blooded Celt struck his 
captor a stunning blow with his fist and, before the stranger 
could recover from its effects, Higgins had succeeded in escaping 
to Fouke' s Hotel, where he eluded all pn rsuit. Several shots were 
fired after him without effect, and he atti-ibutes his safety to the 
fact that his pui'sueis stumbled in the darkness, over some cross- 
pieces in the bridge. 

About this time a party of the invaders went to the 



20 



SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 




houses of Messrs. Washington and Allstadt, living a few miles 
from Harper's Ferry and took them and some of their slaves 
prisoners, conducting them to the general rendezvous for their 
captives — the Armoi-y enclosure. From the house of the former, 

they took some i-elics of the 
great Washington and the 
Revolution, which the propi'ie- 
tor, of coui'se, very highly 
prized. Among them was 
a sword, said to be the same 
that was sent to General 
Washington by Frederick 
The Great, King of Prussia — 
a present, (as a legend in- 
scribed on it said, ) from the 
oldest General of the time to 
the best. All through the 
night, great excitement ex- 
isted among such of the citi- 
zens as became cognizant of 
these facts. About 1 o'clock 
the Eastward bound Express 
Train, on the Baltimore and 
Ohio Eailroad, arrived, in charge of Conductor Phelps. The 
train was detained by order of the leader of the band and the 
telegraph wires were cut. The object of these orders was, 
of course, to prevent news of these j^roceedings being spread. 
The train was, however, allowed to i^roceed after a considerable 
delay. While the train was at Harper's Ferry, great excite- 
ment naturally existed among the passengers, who could not 
understand these movements. Several shots wei-e exchanged 
between the attacking force and a Mr. Throckmoi-ton, clerk at 
Fouke's Hotel, and some other parties unknown, but no person 
was injured. Some time, in the course of the night, Hep wood 
Shepherd, a colored porter at the Railroad office, walked to 
the bridge, impelled, no doubt, by curiosity to understand the 
enigma. He was ordered to halt by the guards at the bridge, 
and, being seized with a panic and running back, was shot 
through the bodj-. He succeeded in reaching the Railroad office 
where he died next day at 3 o'clock, in great agony. 

A little before daylight, some early risers were surprised to 
find themselves taken prisoners, as soon as they appeared on the 
streets, and marched to the Armory. Among them, was James 



THOS. ALLSTADT , 

BROWN'S SURVIVING HOSTAGE. 



JOHN' brown's raid, 21 

Darrel, ajiod ab;)ut sixty yeai-s, the bell riii,2:('r at the Arnioi-y, 
whose duties, of course, compelled iiiiii to be first of the Armory 
hands at his post. It being yet dark, he carried a lantern. 
When neai- the gate, he was halted l)y an armed negro, one of 
the invading party, and Darrell, not dreaming of what was 
transpii-ing, and mistaking his assailant for one of Mr. Fouke's 
negroes on a "bender," strnek him with his lantern and con- 
signed his " black s(»nl " to a climate of much higher temperature 
than that of Virginia. The negro presented a Sharp's Rifle at 
Darrell and, no doubt, the situation of Bell-Kinger at Harper's 
Ferry Armory would very soon liave been vacant, had not a 
white man of the party who appeai-ed to relisli very highly the 
joke of the mistake, caught the gun and pi-evented the negro 
from carrying out his intention. Another white man of the 
pai-ty. however, came up and struck Dari-ell on the side with 
the butt end of his gun, injuring him severely. Darrell was 
then dragged before "the Captain," who, pitying his age and 
his bodily sufferings, dismissed him on a sort of parole. Mr. 
Walter Kemp, an aged, infirm man, bartender at Mr. Fouke's 
Hotel, was, about this time, taken a prisoner and consigned to 
limbo with the others. 

It was now day-light and the Armorers proceeded, singly and 
in parties of two and three, from their various houses, to work 
at the shops. They were gobbled up in detail and marched to 
prison, lost in astonishment at these strange proceedings and 
many, perhaps, doubting if they were not yet asleep and 
dreaming. Several of the officers of the Armory were captured, 
but the Superintendent not being in town at the time, the in- 
vaders missed what, no doubt, would have been, to them, a much 
desired prize. About this time, Mr. George W. Cutshaw, an 
old and estimable citi/en, proceeded from his house, on High 
street, towards the bridge in company with a lady who was on 
her way to Washington City and whom Mr. Cutshaw was escort- 
ing across the bridge, to the place where the Canal Packet Boat 
on which the lady intended to travel, was moored. He passed 
along nnmoh'stt'd until he disposed of the lady, but on his 
return, he encountered on the bridge several armed apparitions, 
and was, therefore, immediately marched off to the Armory, 
among the other prisoners. 

A little before 7 o'clock, Mr. Alexander Kelly approached 
the corner of High and Shenandoah streets, armed with a shot- 
gun, for the purpose of having a shot at the invaders. Xo 
sooner did he turn the corner, than two shots were fired at him, 



22 JOHN BECAVN'S KAID. 

and a bullet was sent through his hat. Iinmediately aftei'wards, 
]Mr. Thomas Boerly approached the corner, with the same i)urpose. 
He was a man of Herculean strength and great personal courage. 
He discharged his gun at some of the enemy who were standing 
at the Arsenal gate, when a shot was tired at him, bN' one of the 
party who was crouching behind the fence. The bullet pene- 
trated his gi'oin, inflicting a ghastly wound of which he died in 
a few hours. 

It was, now, breakfast time and ^'the Captain" sent an order 
to Fouke's Hotel, for refreshments for his men. It is not known 
what the state of his exchequer was, but he did not pay for the 
breakfasts in any usual species of curiency. He released 
Walter — familiarly called Watty — Kemp, the bar-tender and he 
announced this as the equivalent he was willing to j)ay. It is to 
be feared that Mr. Fouke did not duly appreciate the advantages 
he gained by this profitable bargain and it may be that " Uncle 
Watty," himself, did not feel much flattered at the estimate put 
on him, in the terms of the ransom, and his being deemed an 
equivalent for twenty breakfasts. Be this as it may, the bar- 
gain was struck and the grub pi-ovided. "The Captain" in- 
vited his prisoners to partafce of the refreshments, but only a 
few accepted the invitation, for fear of the food being drugged. 

Up to this time no person in the town, except the prisoners, 
coiild tell who the party were. To them, as was afterwards as- 
certained, the pai'ty confessed their purpose of liberating the 
slaves of Virginia, and freedom was oflered to any captive mIio 
would furnish a negro man as a recruit for " the army of the 
Lord." As, however, there was little or no communication al- 
lowed between the prisoners and their friends outside, the people 
generally were yet ignorant of the names, number and purposes 
of the strangers and, as may well be imagined. Madam Enmor 
had plenty of employment for her hundred tongues. Soon, how- 
ever, they were recognized by some as the mineral explorei'S and 
suspicion at once rested on a man named John E. Cook, who 
had been sojourning at Harjser's Ferry for some years, in the 
various caj)acities of school- master, book-peddler and lock-keeper 
on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and who had married into a 
respectable family at that place. He had been seen associating 
with the Smith party and as he had often been heard to boast of 
his exploits in "the Kansas war," on the Free-Soil side, it was 
instinctively guessed that he and the Smiths were connected in 
some x)roject for freeing the slaves, and this opinion was con- 
firmed by the fact of there being armed negroes in the party. 



JOHN brown's raid. 23 

Shortly after, a now liijht broke on the people and it M'as as- 
certained that " The Captain " Mas no other than the redoubt- 
able .lolin iJioAvn, of Kansas notoriety, mIio had earned the title 
of "Ossawattoniie IJrown," from li is exploits in the portion of 
Kansas, along the l)anks of the Ossawattoniie i-iver. The infor- 
mation eanie from one of the i)risoners (Mr. Mills) who was al- 
lowed to eommunicate with his family. 

At a re<i'idar hour for eommenciug work in the morning. Mr. 
Daniel J. Young, Master Machinist at the Kitle Factory, ap- 
jjroached the gate to those shops, expecting to find Mr. Samuel 
M'illiams at his post, and little anticipating to find the place in 
possession of an enemy. He was met at the gate by a fierce 
looking man, fully armed, who ivfnsed him admittance, claiming 
that he and his companions (four or live of whom appeared at 
the watch-house door, on hearing the conversation, ) had gotten 
possession by authority from the Great Jehovah. Mr. Young, 
being naturally astonished at hearing this, asked what the 
object of the strangers was, and was informed that they had 
come to give tVeedom to the slaves of Virginia : that the friends 
of liberty had tried evei-y constitutional and peaceable means to 
accomplish this end and had sigiially failed, but that now, the 
great evil of slavery must be eradicated at any risk, and that 
tliere were means enough ready to accomplish this purpose. 
]\Ir. Young renmi-ked, in reply : ''If you derive your authority 
from the Almighty, 1 must yield, as J derive my right to enter 
from an earthly power — the United States Government. I warn 
you, however, that before this day's sun sets, j^ou and your com- 
panions will be corpses. Mr. Young then went back to stoj) 
the mechanics and laborers who were on their way to go to work, 
and wain them of their danger. It api^eared to be no part of 
the policy of the strangei's to k(;ep prisoners at the Rifle Works, 
as no attempt was made to arrest Mr. Young. 

About 9 o'clock the people had recovered from their amaze- 
ment and furnished themselves with arms. This was no easy 
nnittei", as the Arsenal and nearly all the store-houses were in 
possession of the enemy. It was recollected, however, that 
some time before, a lot of guns had been removed from the place 
where they were usually stored, in order to protect them from 
the river, which at the time had over-flowed its banks and en- 
croached on the Armoiy. Enough waspi'ocured from this lot to 
(Mjuip a few small companies of citizens and a desultory engage- 
ment commenced around the Armory building and the adjacent 
streets, which continued all day. A company under Captain 



24 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

Medler, crossed the Slienandoali on tlie bridge and took post on 
the London n side of tlie river, opposite the Kifle Factoi-y. 
Anotlier coiii])aiiy, nnder Captain Roderick, took position on the 
Baltimore and Oliio Kailroad, North-west of the Ai-morv, and a 
tliird body, nnder Captain Moore, crossed tlie Potomac abont a 
mile above Harper's Feri-y, and marched down on the ]Mai\vland 
side to take possession of the I'ailroad biidge. Brown's i)arty 
were thus hemmed in and all the citizens who Mere not eni'olled 
in these companies, engaged the invaders wherever they conld 
meet them. The Rifle Factory was attacked and the party there 
were soon driven into the Shenandoah, where they were met by 
the fire of Captain Medler's company, who had crossed that river 
on the bridge, and between the two fires, they all perished except 
one, a negio named Copeland, who was taken pi-isoner. 

At the Armory, however, where Brown commanded in person, 
a more determined resistance was made. Brown had told sev- 
eral of his prisoners in the conrse of the morning that he ex- 
13ected large re-inforcements, and when, abont 12 o'clock, the 
company under Captain Moore, that had crossed into Maryland, 
was seen marching down the river, great excitement i)i'evailed, 
it being supposed by the prisoners and such of the other citizens 
as were not aware of Captain Moore's movement and pei'haps, 
by Brown's party, that these were the expected re-inforcements. 
It was soon ascertained, however, who they were and Bi'own, 
now plainly seeing that the fortunes of the day were against him, 
sent two of his prisoners, Airhibald M. Kitzmiller and Resin 
Cross, under guard of two of his men, to negotiate in his name 
with Captain Moore for permission to vacate the place with his 
surviving men, without molestation. The two ambassadors pro- 
ceeded with theii- guards towards the bridge, but, as they came 
near the '^Gault House," several shots were fired from that 
building by which the two raiders were very severely wounded 
and put ]iors-de-comhat. One of them conti-ived to make his way 
back to the Armory, but the other was unable to move, and 
Messi-s. Kitzmiller and Ci-oss helped him into Fouke's Hotel, 
where his wounds were dressed. It may well be imagined that 
neither of the envoys retni-ned to captivity, lirown, finding 
that his doves did not comeback with the olive branch, and now 
despairing of success, called in from the streets the survivors of 
his party, and picking out nine of the most prominent of his 
prisoners, as hostagvs, he retreated with his men, into a small 
brick building neai- the xlrmory gate called the " Engine House," 
taking with him his nine prisoners. A company arrived, about 



JOHX TJRrAVX's RAID. .25 

tins tiiiio. fi'oin ^Ifartiiislmi-j;, wlio, with soiiio citizons of Hai'iuM-s 
Fei'i'V and tliesurrouiuliii^' connfry, made a nisli on the Ai'inorj' 
and released the great mass of the prisoners, not, however, with- 
out suffci'in^ some loss in wounded, caused hy a <i,allin<;' fire kept 
up by tiie enemy from tlie Eny,ine House. Brown's men had 
pierced the walls for musketry, and, thioujili tlu' lioles, kept up 
a bi'isk fire by which tliey not only wounded the IMartinsburg 
men and Haiper's Fevrians but some Charles Tomii men 
also who liad ariived a shoi't time before. The sufferei'S 
wei-e Messis. Mui'pliy, liiehardson, Hammond, Dorsey. Hooper 
and Wollett, of Martinsbuig ; Mr. Younji', of CMuirles Town, 
and Mr. MeCabe, of Harper's Ferrj. Mr. Dorsey was very 
dannei'ously, and sevei-al of the others severely, injured. None 
of them, however, died from the wounds. 

Before Brown's men I'etreated off the streets into the Engine 
House, two of them approached the coi-ner of Higli and Shenan- 
doah streets, where Mr. Boerly had been shot in the morning. 
It was then about 2 o'clock, and ]\[r. George Turner, a very 
respectable gentleman of Jeffei'son county, who had come to town 
on private business , was standing at the dooi- of Captain Moore's 
house, on High street, about one hundred yards from the corner. 
He had just armed himself with a musket and was in the act of 
resting it on a board ]>artition near the door, totakeaimat one 
of these men, when a l)ullct tVom the rifle of one of them struck 
him on the shoidder, the only part of him exposed. The liall, 
after taking an eccentric course entered his neck and killed him 
almost instantly. A physician who examined him describes the 
wound as having been of the most singulai- kind, the bullet hav- 
ing taking a course altogether at variance with the laws sup- 
posed to regulate such projectiles. It is thought by many that 
the shot was not aimed at Mr. Turner, and that the man who 
fired it was not aware of that gentleman's being near. There 
were two men, named McClenuen and Stedman, standing in the 
middle of tlie street, o])posite Captain Moore's house. Tlieyhad 
guns in their hamls and at one of them, it is supposed, was 
aimed the shot that proved fatal to Mr. Turner. 

After they were all housed up in theii- fortress, they killed 
another very valuable citizen. Fountain Beckham, E.sq., for many 
years Agent of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad company at 
Harper's Ferry, and long a magistrate of Jefferson county. 
Being a man of nei'vous temperament, he was, naturally, much 
excited by the occunences of the day. Moreover, Hey wood 
Shepherd, the negro shot on the bridge, the previous night. 



jonx tjrownV liAiD. 27 

luul been liis laitlil'iil servant and lie Mas umeli '••i'ie\e(l and verj' 
indignant at his death. He crept along- tlio Eailroad, under 
:shelter of a water station wiiich, then, stood there and peeped 
'i-onnd the eorner of llie bnihling at the Engine House opposite, 
when a InilkM from one of Brown's men penetrated his lieart and 
lie died instantly. A man namtd Thonipson. said to he Brown's 
son-in-law. had been taken prisoner a short time before, l)y the 
•citizens and eonfiiied in Fonke's Hotel, nnder guai'd. It was 
the intention of the [)e )[»le to hand him over to the regular au- 
t]n)rities for ti'ial. bnt the death of Mr. lieekham so exaspei'ated 
them that the -whole current of their feelings Mas changed. They 
i-ushed into the hotel, seized Thompson and were dragging him 
out of the house to put him to death, when Miss C'hi-istina Fouke, 
a sister of the proprietor, with true feminine instinct, rushed 
into the crowd and bestn'ched the infuriattHl multitude to spai"e 
the prisoner's life. This luM-oic act has elicited the warmest 
■commendations of every paity, and it may be said to be the 
one bright spot in the history of that unfortunate day. Miss 
Fonke's entreaties were, however, unheeded and Thompson -svas 
hnri'ied to the bridge where he was riddled with bullets. He, 
however, tried to escape by letting himself drop through the bridge 
into the river. He had been left for dead, but it appears he had 
vitality enough left to accomplish this feat. He was discovered 
and a shower of bullets was discharged at him. He was either 
killed or drowned, as he could be seen for a day or two after, 
lying at the bottom of the river, with his ghastly face still ex- 
hibiting his fearful death agony. 

Another of the raiders named Lehman, attemj^ted to escape 
from the upper end of the Armorj- yard, by swimming or wading 
the Potomac. He had been seen shoi-tly before, conducting one 
of the Armory watchmen named Edward Murphy, towards the 
Engine House. He kept the latter between him and an armed 
l)arty of citizens who were stationed on a hill neai" the Armory 
works. More than a dozen guns were raised to shoot him by 
the excited crowd, and no doubt both he and Murphy would 
have been then killed, had not Mr. Zadoc TJutt inducted thejiarty 
not to lire, in consideiation of the danger to ]Mu)-phy. Lehman 
immediately afterwards, disappeared for a while, bnt soon he 
was seen endeavoring to escape as above mentioned. A volley 
was tired after him and he must have been wounded, as he lay 
down and threw u}) his arms as if suri'endering. A resident of 
Hari)er\s Ferry waded into the river to a rock where Lehman 
lay, apparently badly wounded, and deliberately shot him 



28 SOUVENIR AXD GUIDE BOOK. 

through the head, killing him instantly. His body, also, lay for 
some time whei'e he fell. 

A little before dark, Brown asked if any of the prisoners 
would volniiteerto go out among the citizens, and induce them 
to cease tiring on the Engine House, as they were endangering 
the lives of their friends who were his prisoners. He promised, 
on his part, that if there was no firing on his men, there should 
be none by them. Mr. Israel Russell undertook the dangerous 
duty (the danger arose from the excited state of the people who 
would be likely to fire on any thing seen stirring around the 
Engine House, ) and the citizens were persuaded to stop firing, 
in consideration of the risk they incurred of iniiiring the pris- 
oners. Like Messrs. Kitzmillei" and Cross, Mr. Eussell, it may 
well be supposed, did not return to captivity. It is certain that 
the citizens would, in a very short time, have disposed of Brown 
and his party, had not they been prevented all along fi'om 
pushing the siege vigorously by a regard for the lives of their 
fellow-citizens who were prisoners. As it wa.s, they had already 
killed, wounded or dispersed more than three-fourths of the 
party, and consequently the sneers that were afterwards thrown 
out against their biavery were altogether uncalled for and used 
by parties who, in the subsequent war, did not exhibit much of 
the reckless courage which they expected from peaceful citizens, 
taken by surprise, and totally at a loss for information as to the 
numbers and resources of theii" enemies. 

It was now dark and the wildest terror existed in the town, es- 
pecially among the friends of the killed, wounded and prisoners. 
It had rained some all day, and the atmosphere was I'aw and cold. 

Xow a cloudy and moonless sky hung like a pall over the 
scene of conflict, and on the whole, a more dismal night cannot 
well be imagined. Guards were stationed 'round the Engine 
House to prevent Brown's escape and, as forces were constantly 
arriving from Winchester, Frederick, Baltimore and other 
places, the town soon assumed quite a military appearance. 
The United States authoiities in "Washington had, in the mean- 
time, been notified, and in Ihe course of the night Colonel 
Eobert E. Lee, afterwards the famous General of the Southern 
Confederacy, arrived with a force of LTnited States Marines, to 
protect the Government interests and capture or kill the invaders. 
About 11 o'clock Brown again endeavored to open negotiations 
for a safe conduct for himself and his men out of the i^lace. 
Colonel Shriver and Captain Sinn, of the Frederick troops, had 
a conference with him, which, however, did not result in anything 



JOHN BROWX'S RAID. 29 

satisfactory. About 7 o'clock on Tuesday morning:, Colonel 
Lee sent, under flag of truce, Lieutenant J. E. B. Stuart, of tlie 
1st Cavalry T{e<;inient (afterwards so famous for his e\i)loits as a 
Ciivalry (leneral in the Confederate service.) who had accom- 
panied Colonel Lee from Washington, to summon the insurgents 
to suiiender. Knowing the character of Blown, Colonel Lee did 
not hoi)e for nuy success in trying to induce him to lay down his 
ai-ms, and he SMit Lieutenant Stuart merely through solicitude 
for tlie prisoners and a desire to try every expedient befoie 
ordering an assault and subjecting thein to the danger of being 
injured l)y mistake in the melee. As anticipated, Brown 
stubbornly refused to surrender and, therefoi-e. about 8 o'clock 
an assault was made by the marines, nnder Lieutenant Greene. 
They at first tried to break open the door with sledge hammers 
but failing, they picked up a ladder that lay near and with this 
they succeeded in making a breach. Through a narrow opening 
thus made Lieutenant Greene squeezed himself, but he found 
that the insurgents had barricaded the door with a fire engine 
and hose that were in the building. Over these Lieutenant 
Greene scrambled, followed by his men. and attacked Brown, 
who, with his party, was fortified behind the engine. After the 
marines had effected a breach and commenced rushing in, the 
insurgents fired Ofi them and one of the soldiers — Luke Quinn — 
was mortally, and another named Rupert, slightly wounded. 
The former was shot through the bod\', and the latter in the 
mouth. Brown's inen were all bayoneted or captured, but for- 
tunately none of the citizen prisoners received any i nj ury. Their 
escape was indeed miraculous, as it was very difficult for the 
marines to distinguish them from the insurgents. Brown him- 
self was severely wounded by Lieutenant Greene and he was 
taken to another building where his wounds were dressed. He 
received a cut on the head and a sword thrust in the shoulder. 
Two or three survivors of his men were kept in the Engine House 
under guard. The bodies of the slain raiders Mere collected fiom 
the streets and riAers,and bni-ied in one grave on the southern bank 
of the Shenandoah, about half a mile above Harper's Ferry, 
and the prisoners, (Brown included,) were lodged in Charles 
Town jail. Some had, however, escaped, and Cook had not been 
noticed at all in the fray since an early hour on ^londay morn- 
ing, when he was seen to cross over the bridge into Maryland 
with a few others, taking with him two horses and a wagon cap- 
tured at Mr. Washington's i)lace the i)revious night, and two or 
three slaves belonging to that gentleman. There was satisfac- 



30 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

tory evidence, however, of bis liaving been fully implicated, and 
it was soon ascertained that he, Owen Brown — one of old John's 
sons — and others had been detailed to operate on tlie Mary- 
land sliore and that they had seized a schoolhouse, taken 
the dominie, Mr. Carrie, prisoner and di-iven away the pupils 
for the purpose of establishing at the schoolhouse a depot of 
arms, convenient to Harper's Ferry. It was also ascertained 
that they had all the day oftbelTth kept up a fire from the 
Maryland Heights on the people of the town, and that late in the 
evening Cook had gotten supper at the Canal Lock-House on the 
Maryland side of the river. It was, moreover, supposed that 
finding the fate of the day against them, they had lied towai'ds 
Pennsylvania. A large body of men, under Captain Edmund 
H. Chambers, an old citizen and a man of well known " pluck," 
marched towaixls the schoolhouse and " the Kennedy Farm," 
and at each place they found a large number of Sharp's rifles, 
pistols, swords, &c., with a considei-able quantity of i^owder, 
percussion caps and equipments of various kinds. A swivel 
cannon, carrying a pound ball, was also discovered in a position 
to command the town, although it is not known that it was used 
during the engagement. A laige number of pikes of a peculiar 
form and intended for the hands of the negroes, were also found. 
The latter were expected to turn out at the first signal, and this 
weapon was considered better suited for them than fire ai'ms, 
especially at the commencement of the cami^aign. It should 
have been remai'ked before, that Brown had put into the 
hands of his negro prisoners some of these pikes, but up to the 
time of the discovery of the magazine at ''the Kennedy Farm," 
the object of this novel weapon was not fully understood. Cap- 
tain Chambers' party also found a great number of i^apers which 
tended to throw light on the conspiracy, and several hundred 
printed copies of a form of Provisional Government to be set up 
by Brown as soon as he got a footing in the South. 

The constitution was adopted by a convention of colored peo- 
ple at Chatham, Canada, West, May 8th, 1858, and was in sub- 
stance as follows : 

After providing for the necessary officers of a government, it 
provided for trial and impeachment ; for obedience, sobriety, 
industry and military service. 

Crime of i-a^ie, like that of spying, was punished with death. 

i*^on-slave holders were to be protected and slave holders were 
held as hostages, unless they gave up their slaves ; valuables 
found were to be levied upon as act of wai-, and be used as 



JOHN bkown's raid. 31 

safety and intellii;oii('e might dii-ect, by order of the General. 

Art. 4G, readasfullow.Sj in detail : ''The foregoing articles shall 
not be so construed as in any way to encourage the overthrow 
of any 8tate government, or of the general government of the 
United States and looks to no dissolution of the Union, but sim- 
ply to amendment and repeal, and our flag shall be the same our 
fathers fought under in the Revolution." 

The Governor of Virginia, Henry A. Wise, had in the mean- 
time arrived. He immediately took every precaution to se- 
cure his prisoners and the State against any attempt from the 
many allies Brown was sujjposed to hav« in the North. To 
Governor Wise he confessed the whole plan for liberating the 
slaves, and, indeed, he had all along communicated his inten- 
tions to his prisoners, but as we have before remarked, he kej)t 
his captives as much as possible isolated, and, in consequence, 
the people generally had but a vague idea of his purposes. It 
is true that the party at the Rifle Factory had informed Mr. 
Young of their object, but so many wild rumors had been started 
before his interview with them, and there was so much confusion 
generally that neither "head nor tail " could be found for the 
strange occurrences of the day. Governor W^ise who, although 
he exhibited a great deal of petulance on this occasion, is cer- 
tainly a brave man himself, could not refrain frcm expressing 
admiration for Brown's undaunted courage, and it is said that 
he pronounced him honest, truthful and brave. 

The interview between these two men, of somewhat similar 
character, but of diametrically ojjposite views on politics, is 
said to have been very impressive. It lasted two hours and 
those who were present report that Brown exhibited a high order 
of uncultivated intellect in his interview with the highlj'^ edu- 
cated and i)olislied Governor of Virginia. It is also said that, 
in the course of this conversation. Brown foretold the utter de- 
struction of Harper's Ferrj', to take place in a very short time, 
a prophecy which, if ever uttered, has met with a terrible and 
literal fulfilment. This interview and the surroundings furnish 
a fine theme for a picture. The stern old Puritan, with his 
bleeding wounds and disordered dress, his long, grey beard 
and wild, gleaming eyes, like some prophet of old, denouncing 
the wrath of Heaven on a sinful generation, and the stately 
Governor of Virginia, reminding one of some Cavalier of Xaseby 
or Worcester — each firm and true as the blade he carried and 
each a type of the noble though fanatical race from which he 
sprung, would certainly, make an impressive picture and the 



32 SOUVEXIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

scene \vi]l, no doubt, some day occupy the genius of a future 
painter. 

Harper's Ferry was now patroled every night by details of 
citizens until the execution of Brown, which took x>l«i<'e near 
Charles Town, December 2nd, 1859. 

A force of United States ti'oops nnder Captain Seth Bai'ton, 
afterwards prominent in the service of the Confederacy, was also 
stationed at Hai-per's Ferry and gi-idually (juiet was i-estored. 

Cook and another raidei' named Albert Hazlett were arrested 
in Pennsylvania and brought back on requisitions. This cir- 
cumstance might furnish a lesson to the fanatics, who unhappily 
abounded on both sides of Mason and Dixon's line. To the 
Southei'n men it ought to have proved that the peoi)le of the 
Xorth did not sympathize, to any great extent, with the invasion 
of the State ofVii'ginia, and to the Xorthern men who expi'essed 
themselves as shocked at the want of meicy exhil)ited by the 
State of Virginia on this occasion, it might have shown that, 
among themselves were men who were ready to delixei" over 
Brown's party to the tender mercies of the slave-holders, for the 
sake of a few hundred dollars reward. 

Cook and another white man, named Edwin Coppic. with two 
negroes, named Greene and Copeland, were executed on the 
IGth of December in the same yeai', and Hazlett and Stephens, 
(both white,) met the same fate on the 16th of March, 1860. 

Brown's trial was, of course, a mere matter of t'onn. He took 
no pains to extennate his guilt and openly avowed that he de- 
sired no favors from the State of Yii-ginia. Two young lawyers 
of Boston, named Hoyt and Sennott, volunteered to defend him 
and they acqnitted themselves creditably. The Honorable 
Samuel Chilton, of Washington, was employed for the defense, 
by John A. Andrew, of Massachusetts, afterwards Governor of 
that State, but, of course, nothing could save tlie prisoner and 
he was executed as above mentioned. 

Brown died with unshaken fortitude and bitter as the ani- 
mosity against him was, his courage or rather stoical indiffer- 
ence elicited the admiration, even of his enemies. Indeed, it is 
difficult, at the ijrevsent time, to do justice to the character of 
this remarkable man, but, no doubt, the future historians of this 
counti'y who will write when the passions that excite us have 
subsided or are perhaps forgotten, will class him with the 
Scotch Covenanters of the 17th century. It has always stinck 
the writer that John Brown very closelj^ resendiled John Balfour, 
of Burly, whose character is so finely portrayed in Scott's " Old 



.TOHN^ "RKOWN :^ "RAID. 



'33 



Mortality," Tlie same sti'ong- will and iron nervo aiut the same 
fanaticism characterized these two men and it must l)e said of 
both, (for Burly' s character is taken from life,) tliat wliile no 
sane person could wholly approve of their actions, tlieir bitterest 

enemies cannot deny a tiib- 
iite of respect to their nu- 
ll inching courage. The 
other prisoners also die<l 
bravely, and, indeed, it 
was a melancholy thing to 
see men of so much stamina 
loose theii' lives in such a 
foolish enterprise. 

An attempt to escape 
was made by Cook and 
Coppic on the night before 
their execution. By some 
means they succeeded in 
finding the vigilunce of the 
cell-guai-d and in climbing 
t he outer wall of the prison, 
when they were challenged 
by a citizen guard who was 
posted outside and their 
further progress was pre- 
vented. 
On the morning of his execution Brown bade an aflfectionate fare- 
well to his fellow-captives, with the exception of Cook, whom he 
charged with having deceived him. It is said that lie gave to 
each of them, with the above exception, a silver quarter of a 
dollar, as a memento, and told them to meet tlieir fate courage- 
ously. He pretended not to know Hazlett at all, but this was 
understood by all who w'ere j)resent to be done in oi'der to aid 
the latter whose trial had not yet come off, and who pretended 
that he knew nothing abimt Brown or the raid on Harper's 
Ferry. It will be remembered that he was arrested in Pennsyl- 
vania, some time after the invasion, and. of course, his defense, 
if he had an\", would be an alibi. 

Brown's wife arrived at Harper's Ferry shortly before his 
execution, jlnd to her his body was delivered for burial. He 
was interred at Xoi'th Elba, in the State of Xew York, Mhere he 
had resided for .some years. His wife was rather an intelligent 
woman and she did not appear to sj^mpathize with her husband's 




BOYER, SURVIVING JUROR. 

BROWN'S X ROADS. NEAR HARPER'S FERRV. 



M SOUTE^TR XST> GriDE BOOTv. 

wild notions on the subject of slavery. In conversation witli a' 
citizen of Harper's Ferry, sbe expressed the opinion that Brown 
had contemplated this or a similar raid for thirty years, al- 
though he had never mentioned the subject to her.. The bodies- 
of Cook, ('oppic, Hazlet and Stevens were also delivered to 
friends and it is said that the two latter are buried, near the- 
residence of a benevolent Quaker lady, in Xew Jersey, who 
deeply sympathized with them and th« cause for which the}" 
suifered. 

The names of the invaders, as well as could l3e ascertained 
were as follows : John Brown, "Watson Brown, Oliver Brown, 
Owen Brown, Aaron D. Stevens, Edwin Coppic^ Barclay Coppic, 
Albert Hazlett, John E. Cook, Stuart Taylor, William Lehman, 
William Thompson^ John Heurie Kagi, Charles F. Tydd, Oliver 
Anderson, Jeremiah Anderson, -Dolph Thompson, Dangerfield 
Xewby, Shields Green, alias ''Emperor," John Copelaud and. 
Lewis Leary, of whom the last four were negroes or mulattoes. 

John Brown was, at the time of the raid, fifty-nine years old, 
about five feet and eleven inches in height, large-boned and. 
muscular but not fleshy, and he gave indications of hitving in 
his youth possessed great physical strength. His hair had been 
a dark brown, but at this period it was gray. His beard was 
very long, and on the memorable day of the raid it hung in 
snowy waves to his breast, giving to his aquiline features a 
singularly wild appearance. His face was always beardless be- 
fore this event. His eyes were of a dark hazel and burning with 
a peculiar light that gave promise of a quick temper and daring 
courage. His head, as it appeared to the writer, was of a 
conical shape, and on the whole, his physique well corresponded 
with the traits of his character. 

There was confusion respecting the identity of his two sons^ 
Watson and Oliver. They were mortally wounded on the 17th. 
One of them, a young man, apparently about' twenty-three 
years of age, of low stature, with fair hair and blue eyes, was 
shot in the stomach and died, in the course of the next night, in 
the Engine House, while the party had still posession of it. It 
is said that he suffered terrible agony and that he called on his 
companions to put him out of i)ain by shooting him. His father, 
however, manifested no feeling on the occasion, beyond remark- 
ing, that " he must have patience ; that he was dying in a good 
cause, and that he should meet his fate like a brave man.'' The 
other was a tall man, about six feet in height, with very black 
hair. He, also, as above stated, was wounded in the skirmish 



JOHN broxtn's raid. '3"5 

'oftheirtb, and he died next morning, after the marines had 
■gotten possession of the Engine House. He was one of the two men 
-who were wounded from the " Gault House." "SVhen he died, 
Ills father was a piisoner and badly wounded. On learning that 
■one of his men had just died, he sent out to inquire if it was 
his son, and on being informed that it was, he manifested the 
same stoicism and made the similar remark as on the death of 
the other son. When the news reached him, he was engaged m 
the iuteiTiew with Governor Wise. After satisfying himself as 
to the identity of the man who had just died, he resumed his 
ronversatiou with the Governor, as if nothing had happened cal- 
culated to discompose him in the least. As before remarked, 
there is a doubt as to which of these two men was Watson and 
which was Oliver. 

Owen Brown was one of those detailed to operate in Maryland. 
He was not in the fray, but made his escape and was never cap- 
tured. We cannot, therefore, give a description of his personal 
ajipearance, 

Aaron D, Stevens v\-as a remarkably fine looking young man, 
of about thirty years of age. He was about five feet and ten 
inches in height, heavily built, and of great symmetry of form. 
His hair was black and his eyes, of dark hazel, had a very pene^ 
trating glance. He was said to be a desperate character, and as 
it was known that he had suggested to Brown the murder of the 
prisoners and the firing of the village, there was greater ani- 
mosity felt towards him than any of the others, except, perhaps, 
old Brown himself and Cook. He received several wounds in 
the skirmish and it was thought he could not survive them. In 
consequence of these injuries, he was one of the last put on trial 
and executed. He was said to be a believer in Spiritualism. He 
was the one who was so badly wounded from the '* Gault House " 
and who was taken to Fouke's hotel. Had he not been disabled, 
it is to be feared, from what is reported of him, that a massacre 
of Brown's prisoners would have taken place, on his recom- 
mendation. Whatever his crimes may have been, it is certain 
that he was a man of iron nerve. While he lay, helplessly 
wounded at Fouke's hotel, a crowd of armed citizens gathered 
around him and it was with the utmost difficulty that a few of 
the less excited people succeeded in saving his life. One citizen 
put the muzzle of his loaded gun to Stevens' head, with the ex- 
pressed determination to kill him instantly. Stevens was then 
unable to move a limb, but he fixed his terrible eyes on the 
would-be murderer, and bv the sheer force of their magnetism or 



S6 souvp:nir and guidk book. 

whatever you may choose to call their mysterious power, he com- 
pelled the uuui to lowei" his gun and spare his life. To this day^. 
the eitizen avers that he cannot account for the irresistible fas- 
cination that bound him^ as with aspelL 

Edwin Coppic (or Coppie) was a young man, aged alwut twenty- 
four years, about five feet, six inches in height, compactly built, 
and of a florid complexiou. He was a very handsome jouth and 
for various reasons great sympathy was felt for him by niauj'. 
He was not wounded in the engagement,, but taken prisoner by 
the marines from the Engine House. He had come from Iowa, 
where his widowed mother, a j)iouis old lady l>elonging to the So- 
ciety of "Friends," resided. He had heeu, for a long time, in 
the employ of a Mr. Thomas Gwynn, residing neai' Tipton, Cedar 
county, in the above mentioned State. Mr. Gwynn was a farmer 
and merchant and Copj^ic assisted him as a farm lal)orer and 
"help" around his store. Mr. Gwynn was much attached to< 
him and came to Charles Town for his remains, which he took 
with him to Iowa. 

After Coppic' s conviction, a petition, numerously signed, was. 
forwarded to the Governor of Virginia, requesting executive 
clemency in his case. It was not successful, however, and he 
was executed, as before mentioned. In conversation with a citi- 
zen of Harper's Ferry, who interviewed him in his cell, here- 
marked that when he left his home in Iowa he had no intention 
of entering on any expedition like the one against Virginia, but 
he confessed that his object was to induce slaves to leave their 
masters and to aid them to escape. 

Of Barclay Coppic little is known beyond the fact of his hav- 
ing been Edwin's brother. He was with Owen Brown and Cook, 
on the Maryland side, and was never captured. It is said 
that he was killed some years ago in Missouri, by a railroad 
accident. 

Albert Hazlett, of Pennsylvania, was a man of about five feet 
and eleven inches in height, raw-boned and muscular. His hair 
was red and his eyes were of a nuiddy brown and of a very un- 
pleasant exi^ression. He was very roughly dressed on the day 
of the raid, and in every sense of the word, he looked like "an 
ugly customer." He made his escape from Harper's Ferry on 
the evening of the 17fch, about the time that Brown withdrew 
his force into the Engine House, but he was afterwards caj)- 
tured in Pennsylvania and executed with Stevens. His age was 
about thirty-three years. 

John E. Cook was a native of Connecticut, and he, wasaj^oung 



JOHN brown's raid. 37 

man, of al)out twoiit^-eight years of age, about five feet and 
eight inches in height, but, as he stooped a good deal, he did 
not appear to be so tall. He had fail- hair and bright blue eyes 
^ind was, on the whole, quite an intelligent looking man. He 
had, as before stated, I'esided several j'ears at Harpei's Ferry, 
and had become acquainted with all the young men of the place, 
by whom he was regarded as a pleasant companion, and had mar- 
ried a respectable lady there. He was highly connected and 
the Governor of Indiana, (Willard, ) was his brother-in-law, 
having married Cook's sister. On his trial, Mr. Voorhees, now 
so prominent in the West as a politician, and then widely 
known as an able criminal lawyer, made a speech for the defense 
which is regarded as one of his best efforts. 

Little is known, for certain, of Stuart Taylor. Some contend 
that he was a man of medium size and very dark complexion, 
while others believe that he was a red haired young man who 
was bayoneted by the marines in the Engine House and di'agged 
deid from t'jat building at the sime time that Brown was re- 
moved. The writer is inclined to the latter oj^inion and he 
thinks that those who favor the former confound him with a man 
named Anderson, of whom we will soon speak at some length. 

William Lehman, who was killed on a rock in the Potomac, 
while endeavoring to escape, was quite a young man, with jet 
black hair and a verj" florid complexion. The killing of this 
young man was, under all the circumstances of the case, an act 
of great barbarity, as he had made signs of a desire to surrender. 
The man who shot him was but a temporary resident of Harper's 
Ferry and belonged originallj^ to Martinsburg. His name we 
will omit for the sake of his posterity. 

William Thompson, who was shot on the bridge, was a man 
apparently of about thirty j^ears of age, of medium size but of 
great sj'uimetry of form. His comi^lexion was fair and he gave 
indications of being a man of a very pleasant disposition. 
He was well known to many in the neighborhood of ''the Ken- 
nedj' farm," and he was very popular in the vicinity. The kill- 
ing of this man, also, was unnecessary, but some palliation may 
be found for it on account of the excitement caused by the death 
of Mr. Beckham. 

John, or as he was sometimes called, Henrie Kagi, is said to 
have been a remarkably fine looking man with a profusion of 
black hair and a flowing beard of the same color. He was about 
thirty years of age, tall and portlj", and he did not displaj' the 
same ferocity that the others exhibited. He was '' Secretary of 



JOHX brown's kaid, 39 

"War.'' under Brown's Provisional Government and he liold tlie 
rank of Captain. He is supposed to liave been a native of Oliio. 
He was killed in the Shenandoah near the Rifle Factory. 

Of Charles P. Tydd little iskuown. It is said tliat before the 
raid he used to peddle books through the neighborhood (»f Har- 
per's Ferry. As far as ascertained he did not appear in the 
fight, but escaped from Maryland to parts unknown. It is said 
he was a native of 3Iaine. 

Respecting the ideutity of Oliver and Jeremiah Anderson, 
there is a doubt as in the case of the Browns. One of thein was 
killed by the marines, but what became of the othei- is unknown. 

The man who was killed was about thiity years of age, of 
middle stature, with very black hair and dark complexion. He 
was supposed by some to be a Canadian mulatto. He is also, 
as^before remarked, confounded by many witli Stuart Taylor. 
He received three or four bayonet stabs in the breast and stonuich 
and when he was dragged out of the engine house to the flagged 
walk in front, he was yet alive and vomiting gore from internal 
hemorrhage. While he was in this condition, a farmer from 
some part of the surrounding country came up and viewed him 
in silence, but with a look of concentrated bitterness. Not a 
word did he speak, thinking no doubt, that no amount of cursing 
could do justice to his feelings. He passed on to another part 
of the yard and did not return for a considerable time. When 
he came back, Anderson was still breathing and the farmer thus 
addressed him : " Well, it takes you a h-11 of a long time to die." 
If Anderson had vitality enough left in him to hear this sooth- 
ing remark, it must have contributed greatly to smooth his way 
to the unknown land of disembodied spirits. The writer heard 
from very good authority, that another and still greater barbarity 
was practiced towards this man while he was in the death agony. 
Some brute in human shape, it is said, squirted tobacco juice and 
dropped his quid in the dying man's eye. The writer did not see 
the latter occurrence, but it is related by witnesses of undoubted 
veracity. After death, also, this man Anderson appeared to have 
been picked out for special honors and the most marked atten- 
tions. Some physicians of Winchester, Virginia, fancied him 
as a subject for dissection, and non. con. the^' got j)ossession of 
his body. In order to take him away handily, they procured a 
barrel and tried to pack liim into it. Head foremost, they 
rammed him in, but the^^ could not bend his legs so as to get 
them into the barrel with the rest of his body. In their en- 
deavors to accomplish this feat, they strained so hard that the 



40 SOUVENIR AND GtTIDE BOOK. 

man's bones or sinews, fairly cracked. The praise-worthy exer- 
tions of those sons of Galen, in the cause of science and humanity 
elicited the warmest expi-essions of appro\'al from the spectators. 
The writei- does not know what disposition they finally made of 
him. 

Dolph Thompson was quite a boy and he appeared to bean un- 
willing- participator in the transaction. He was seen by not 
more than two or three citizens and it is supposed that he escaped 
early on the 17th. He had fail- hair and a florid complexion. 

Dangerfield Xewby was a tall, well built mulatto, aged about 
thirty years, with a pleasing face. He was shot and killed at 
the Arsenal gate, by somebody in Mrs. Butler's house opj^o- 
site, about 11 o'clock A. M., on Monday, and he lay where he 
fell until the afternoon of Tuesday. Tlie bullet struck him in 
the lower part of the neck and went down into his body, the 
person who shot him being in a position more elevated than the 
place where Newby was standing. Mr. Jacob Bajeaut, of 
Harper's Ferrj^, claims the credit of having fired the fatal shot 
and the people generalh' accord him the honor. From the rela- 
tive positions of the parties, the size of the bullet or some other 
circumstances, the hole in his neck was very large and the writer 
heard a party remark that he believed a smoothing iron had 
been shot into him. Shortly after his death, a hog came i-ooting 
about him, apparently unconscious, at first, that it was Lord of 
Creation that lay there. The hog, after a while, paused and 
looked attentively at the body, then snuffed around it and, 
finally, put its snout to the man's face. Suddenly, the brute 
was seized with a panic aiid with bristles erect and drooping tail, 
it scami)ered away, as if for life. This display of sensibility 
was very creditable to that hog, but soon a drove of the same 
species crowded round the dead man, none of which appeared to 
be actuated by the same generous impulse as the first. — The 
I)ertinacity with wliich death liolds on to a dead African is so 
well known, that it has become proverbial, but, the King of 
Terrors himself could not exceed those hogs in zealous atten- 
tion to the defunct Newby. They tugged away at him with 
might and main and the writer saw one run its snout into the 
wound and drag out a stringy substance of some kind which he 
is not anatomist enough to call by its right name. It aj^peared 
to be very long or very elastic, as it reached fulh' three yards, 
IVom the man's neck, one end being in the hog's mouth and the 
other some where in the man's body. This circumstance could 
not fail to improve the flavor and enhance the value of pork, at 



JOHN bbo\vn's eaid. 41 

Harper's Ferry, the next winter. On Tuesday evening after 
Brown was made a prisoner, and the people were somewhat re- 
lieved from the terror of a more extensive and dangerous inva- 
:sion, a citizen of Harper's Ferry, who had not had a •chance to 
distinguish himself, in the skirmish on Monday, fired a charge 
of shot into the dead body of XeAvby, a feat which, no d()ul>t, 
tended to exalt him, at least in his own opinion. Like Kirk- 
l)atrick, at the murder of the Bed Comyn, he thought he would 
•'• make sicker,'' and guard against any possibility of the dead 
man's reviving. The citizen referred to was somewhat under 
tlie influence of whiskey, but the writer saw another, apparently 
sober, and a man of excellent standing in the community, kick 
the dead man in the face, and, on the whole, great a crime as 
the invasion of the place was, and natural as the animosity to- 
Avards the invaders should be considered, it must be confessed 
that the treatment the lifeless bodies of those wretched men re- 
oeived from many of the infuriated populace, was far from being 
creditable to the actors or to human nature, generally. 

Sliields Greene, alias Emperor, was a negro of the blackest, 
hue, small in stature and very active in liis movements. He 
sceuied to be very officious, flitting about from place to place, 
and he was, evidently, conscious of his own extra importance in 
the enterprize. It is supposed that it was he who killed 3Ir. 
Boei-ly. He was said to be a resident of the State of Xew York, 
but little is known, for certain, about him. He was very insult- 
ing to Brown's prisoners, constantly presenting his rifle and 
threatening to shoot them. He Avas aged about thirty years. 

John Copeland M-ns a mulatto, of medium size and about 
twenty-five years of age. He was a i-esident of Oberlin, Ohio, 
Avhere he carried on the carpenter business fen- some years, 

Lewis Leary, a mulatto, was mortally wounded at the Eifle 
Factory and died in a carpenter's shop, on "the island." He 
was a young man, but his personal appearance cannot be 
minutely described, as when captured he was suffering great 
agony and, of course, did not present his natural appearance. 
He also had resided in Oberlin, and his trade was that of har- 
ness-making, 

A negi-o man, whom ^Slr. Washington had hired from a 
neighbor and who had been taken prisonei- with Mr. AVashing- 
ton the previous night, was drowned while endeavoring, to 
escape from his captors. — He was an unwilling participant in 
the transaction and no blame was attached to him by the people. 

Heywood Shepherd, the first man killed by Brown's paity 



42 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

was a very black negro, aged about forty- four years. He was 
uncommonly tall, measuring six feet and five inches, and he was 
a man of great physical streugth. He was free, but in order to 
comply with a law then existing in Virginia, he acknowledged 
"Squire" Beckham iis his master. The relations of master 
and slave, however, existed only in name between them, and 
Heywood accumulated a good deal of money and owned son.e 
property in Winchester. He was a married man and he left 
several children. 

It is supposed by many that the killing of this man, alone, 
prevented a general insurrection of the negroes, for some of the 
farmers in the neighborhood say that they noticed an unusual 
excitement among their slaves on the Sunday before the raid. 
If it be true that the negroes knew anything of the intended at- 
tack, it is probable they were deterred from taking a part by 
seeing one of their own race the first man sacrificed. 

Thomas Boerly, the second man killed, was a native of the 
county of Roscommon, in Ireland. As before noticed, he was a 
man of great physical strength and he was noted for *■' pluck." 
He measured about six feet in height, and weighed o\'er two 
hundred pounds. He was a blunt, straight-forward man in his 
dealings and he was very popular on account of his love of fun 
and from that somewhat inexijlicable tendency of human nature, 
to pay respect to the purely accidental quality of personal 
strength. Many years before he encountered and fought an 
equally powerful man, named Joseph Graff, who, at that time, 
resided at Harper's Ferry. The fight was conducted in the old 
border style of " rough and tumble," including biting and goug- 
ing. I^ight, alone, terminated the encounter and the combatants 
parted, with their mutual respect greatly augmented and with a 
great accession of glory to them both. The admirers of each 
party claimed a victory for their champion, but the combatants 
wisely divided the laurels and never again jeopardized their 
reputations by renewing the contest. Mr. Boerly' s age was 
about forty-three years. He was married and he left three 
children. The State of Virginia granted a small pension to his 
widow, but the war breaking out shortly after, she received no 
portion of it, until, at the restoration of peace, her claim was 
brought to the notice of the authorities. She has since been 
paid punctually. Mr. Boerly kept a grocery and he was in very 
comfortable circumstances. 

George Turner, the third man killed, was a fine looking man, 
aged about forty years. It is said that he was educated at West 



JOHN brown's kaid. 43 

Point and that he was distinguished for gi'eat polish and refine- 
ment of manners. He was unniirried and left a great deal of 
pi-operty. He was a native of Jefferson county', Virginia. 

Fountain Beckham, the forth man killed, was, like the others, 
;i tall, powerfully built man. His age was about sixty years. He 
was a native of Culpepper county, Virginia, and a brother of 
Armstead Beckliani, hei'etofore mentioned as Master Armorer. 
As before stated, he had been for many y(!ars a magistrate of the 
county and the agent of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad company, 
at Hari)er's Ferry. At tlui time of his death, he was Mayor of 
the town. He was a widower and two sons and a daughter sur- 
vived him. Mr. Beckham was in many respects a remarkable 
man. It is said that he was the best magistrate that Jefferson 
county evei' possessed, his decisions baing always given with a 
view rather to the justice than the law of the cases, and in many 
instances being marked with great shrewdness and soundness of 
Judgment. On the otlier hand, he was sometimes very whim- 
sical and some amusing scenes used to be enacted between him 
and Heywood. "The Squire" would frequently give unreason- 
able orders to his servant, who nev^er hesitated on such occasions 
to refuse obedience, and it was no uncommon thing to see Hey- 
wood starting out fr-om the railroad office with his bundle on his 
back en i-onte for Winchestei', sweai'ing that he would never 
serve "'the Squire" another da3\ He never proceeded very far, 
however, before he was overtaken by a message from "the 
Squire" bi'inging proposals for peace and Heywood never failed 
to return. Xotwithstanding their frequent rows, a strong attach- 
ment existed between these two men through life, and in death 
they were not separated. Mr. Beckham was verj' respectably 
connected. His sister was the wife of Mr. Stubblefield, so long 
superintendent of the Armory, and his niece. Miss Stubblefield, 
was mariied to Andrew Hunter, of Charles Town, one of the most 
eminent lawyers of Virginia. Mr. Beckham's wife was the 
daughter of Colonel Stevenson, of Harper's Ferry, and it will thus 
be seen that he was connected with many of th(^ most infiuential 
families in "tlie Northern Xeck." Mr. Beckham's death was 
mourned as a public loss, for, with many oddities of manner, 
he was a very kind hearted man and a good citizen. 

The nine citizens confined as hostages in the Engine House 
were as follows : C'olonel Lewis W. Washington, and John All- 
stadt, i)lanters ; John E. V. Dangei-field, jjaymaster's clerk ; A. 
M. Ball, master machinist ; Benjamin Mills, master armorer ; 
John Donohoo, assistant agent of the Baltimore and Ohio Eail- 



44 SOXJYEl^frR AND GTUIDE BOOIv. 

road at Harper's Ferry ; Terence O' Byrne, a farmer residing iie 
Washington county, Maryland; Israel Knssell, merchant of Har- 
per's Ferry, and a Mr. Schoj^pe,. of Frederick City, Maryland, 
who happened to be at Harper's Ferry that day on a business, 
visit. 

Colonel Lewis W. Washington was at that time a very fine 
looking man of about fifty years of age, with that unmistakable- 
air that always accompanies a man of trne patrician birth and 
education. He was the soul of hospitality and Cook used tO' 
visit him for the ostensible purpose of contendiiig with him in 
pistol-shooting, an accomplishment for which they were both 
famous. Mr. Washington on these occasions used to exhibit 
the sword and other relics of his great namesake and kinsman 
and thus it was that Cook and his companions giiineil such aii 
intimate knowledge of his household arrangements, as enabled 
them to discover where the relics^ were stored and to capture him 
without difficulty. Cook was always hospitably entertained, 
whenever he visited Mr. Washington and the ingratitude mani- 
fested towards that gentleman was, perhaps, the worst feature of 
the whole transaction and it is not to be excused for the moral 
effect that the capture might be exjjected to vsecure. Mr, 
Washington, it is said, exhibited on this occasion a great deal 
of the dignity and calmness which charactei-ized his illustrious 
kinsman and his fellow cai)tives j^et speak of his remarkable 
coolness under the trying circumstances of his situation. 

Mr. Washington, in his evidence before the select committee of 
the United States Senate, John Sherman, O., Wm. A. Howard, 
Mich., and Congressman Oliver, Missouri, appointed to inquire 
into the outrage, gave a description of his capture by the party. He 
described them as having consisted of Stevens, Cook, Tydd, 
Taylor and the negro, Shields Greene. Another named Merriam 
was supposed to have been about the premises, but he was not 
seen by Mr. Washington. It may be remarked that Merriam, 
although he is known to have been connected with the enter- 
pi-ize, was not seen to figure at Harper's Ferry and what became 
of him is unknown. It is understood that he was an Englishman 
by birth and that he was, in early life, a protege of Lady Byron, 
widow of the celebrated poet. Mr. Washington was one of those 
who disagreed with the author, as to the identity of Stuart Tay- 
lor. In the writer's opinion, Anderson and not Taylor was the 
man who accompanied the party to Mr. Washington's house. 

That gentleman had several narrow escaj)es from death, while 
in the hands of ''the Philistines." About the time Mr. Beck- 



JOHN brown's RAtD. 45 

liam was killed, Brown was sitting on the fire engine, near the 
Engine House door, rifle in hand, apparently- watching an op- 
portunity to make a good sliot. Mr. Washington noticed him 
fingering his rifle abstractedly and like a person touching the 
strings of a violin, and, being somewhat struck by the comicality 
of the idea, he approached Brown for the purpose of inquiring 
if he had ever learned to play the fiddle. We may well 
imagine the answer the stern Puritan would have returned, had 
there been time to propound the question. As Mr. W^ashington 
came near Brown, a bullet from the outside whistled im- 
mediately over the head of the latter, penetrating the handle of 
an axe that was suspended on the engine and passed through 
Mr. Washington's beard into the M'all near him, sprinkling 
brick-dust all over him. Brown coolly remarked : " That was 
close" and Mr. Washington postponed his question, thereby 
consigning posterity to ignorance on the momentous question — 
whether or not John Brown played on the fiddle. Mr. Washing- 
ton, deeming it prudent to leave that neighborhood, moved a 
little to one side, when he entered into conversation with Mr. 
Mills, another of the prisoners. Their faces were not four inches 
apart, yet through this narrow passage another bullet whistled, 
and the friends, finding one place as safe as another, continued 
their conversation. 

Mr, Allstadt is a gentleman of about sixty years of age, of 
veiy unassuming manners and popular for his amiable disposi- 
tion. He, also, was examined before the Senate committee and 
gave a lively picture of his adventures while a prisoner. 

John E. I. Dangerfield is a gentleman of about fifty-five years 
of age and of a delicate constitution. He bore up very well, 
however, and when he was released by the marines his physical 
strength had not given way, as his friends feared it would. He 
now resides in Xorth Carolina. 

A mislead M. Ball was at that time a man of about forty-six 
years of age. He was vei-y corj)ulent but, notwithstanding his 
great bulk, his health was delicate. He died in June, 1861, of 
apoplexj% As before said, he was a man of wonderful mechani- 
cal ingenuity. He invented a rifling machine which was used 
for several years in the Armory and was legarded as a very in- 
genious piece of mechanism. 

Benjamin Mills was a man of about fifty years of age at the 
time of the Brown raid, low in stature but muscular and active. 
He returned, as before stated, to Harrodsburg, Kentucky, whepe 
he had formerly resided. 







a: 







BATTLEFIELD MARKER. 



■RBS 2 



JOHN brown's raid. 47 

John Donolioo is quite a good looking man of about forty 
years of age. He is a native of Ireland, but he emigrated at a 
very early age to this country. He resided many years at 
Harper's Ferry, where he was highly respected for his integrity 
and business qualifications. He is now a merchant in Leiters- 
burg, Washington county, Maryland. 

Terence O' By rue is a man of about tiftyfive years of age. He 
is in very comfortable circumstances and resides near tlie "Ken- 
nedy farm," where, nnfortnnately for him, he became well 
kn<nvn to Brown and his party. Mr. O' Byrne was examined 
before the Senate committee and testified that the party who 
captured him was composed of Cook, Tydd and Lehman. 

Israel Russell is a nmn of sixty years of age. He was for 
many years a magistrate of Jefferson county, and was always 
greatly respected. He now resides in Loudoun county, Virginia. 

Of Mr. Schoppe little is known at Harper's Ferry. As before 
stated, he resides in Frederick city, IMaryland. 

It is somewhat remarkable that the above mentioned gentle- 
men who were prisoners displayed little or no vindictiveness 
towards Brown. The writer has frequently noticed, in conver- 
sation v.itli these men, that they invariably dwelt on his extra- 
ordinary courage and that the animosity which it was natural 
they should feel, on account of the great danger to which Brown 
exposed them, was lost in their admiration for his daring though 
misguided bravery. Mr. Donohoo visited Brown in prison and, 
very much to his ciedit, exhibited towards his fallen foe a gen- 
erosity characteristic of the man himself and the gallant nation 
of his birth. 

This is " Brown's Raid," so called, an invasion Mhich maybe 
considered as the commencement of our civil war. It, of course, 
created intense excitement all over the land and the feeling then 
aroused never entirely subsided until the election of Mr. 
Lincoln, in November, 1S60, renewed the quarrel on a greater 
scale. As before noticed, a select committee of the United 
States Senate was appointed to investigate the occurrence and 
the following gentlemen testified before it : John Allstadt, A. 
M. Ball, George W. Chambers, Lynn F. Currie, Andrew Hunter, 
A. M. Kitzmiller, Dr. John D. Starry, John C. Unseld, Lewis 
W. Washington and Daniel Whelan, all of Harper's Ferry or 
its neighborhood. Many gentlemen from the Northern and 
Western States also, who were supposed to be symi)athizei-s with 
Brown, were called on to testify. Prominent among these were 
John A. Andrew, a lawyer of Boston, afterwards Governor of 



48 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

Massachusetts, and Joshua Giddings, a leading anti-shivery man 
of Ohio, and for many yeai'S a member of Congress from that 
State. Kothing, however, was elicited to prove that any con- 
siderable number of people from the Free States knew of the 
contemplated raid and all unpi-ejudiced minds were convinced 
that the knowledge of it was mostly confined to Brown and the 
party that accompanied him on the expedition. Thus Harper's 
Ferry enjoys the distinction of having been the scene of the first 
act of our fearful drama. 

" John Brown was born in Torrington, Conn., in 1800, and was 
descended from an ancestor who landed at Plymouth Eock from 
the Mayflower. His jouth and early manhood were spent in 
Ohio and it was during those early years, when his character was 
forming, that he conceived a disgust for military life and a detes- 
tation for slavery. His educatiori was religious and he contem- 
plated entering the Calvinistic ministry, but hesitated owing to 
impaired eyesight. In 1840 he embarked in the Vv'ool trade in 
Ohio, after some disastrous business transactions in Pennsyl- 
vania, and 1846 he removed with his family to Springfield, Mass., 
where he opened a wool warehouse and conducted business until 
1849. An eastern trust — there were trusts even in those days — 
forced him out of business and stripped him of everything. He 
then began the reclamation of a wild tract of land at Xoi'th Elba 
in the Adirondacks, given him by Gerrit Smith, and at the same 
time he became the active friend of a colony of southern negi'oes 
which Mr. Smith had planted there. In 1855 he went to Lykins 
county, Kan., where four of his sons had taken up claims near 
the village of Ossawattomie and where on account of their anti- 
salvery opinions they were harassed and plundered by bands of 
pro-slavery men from Missouri. 

Kansas was then in the wildest disorder; continual strife and 
bloodshed were of daily occurence between the Free-soilers. 

He was married twice and the father of 21 children. 

Near Pasadena, Cal., 5000 miles above the sea is the grave of 
Owen Brown, his son and trusted Lieutenant at Harper's Ferry, 
who escaped thither. The occupant of the liouse is Jason, his 
brother, 73 years of age. The place is called Mt. Lowe. Owen 
and his brother made a trail to the peak above, called Brown's 
peak, in honor of them. It is kept in repair for tourists. Be- 
sides Jason, Euth, Anna, Sarah and Helen live in this state and 
Salmon, a son, resides in Oregon. John Brown, Jr., died in 
Sandusky, O., a short time ago. It is said of John Brown's 
raid, '^Time has given it a fuller j)erspective and a coloring 



JOHN TiROAVX^'s RATB. 49 

niid that he stands fortli a shiiiin<i,- example of self-sacrifice and 
heioisni. He was a man of exrremes. He had a Qnakei'shatied 
of war, yet he freely endiarked in it. He practiced i)iety, yet 
he approved of and probably took a leading i)art in tlie horrible 
fivefold mnrder (Doyles and his two sons, Wilkinson and h^her- 
man in Kansas.) He dearly loved his family, yet he had no 
hesitancy in exposing them to death. He was a dreamer, yet a 
man of action." 

The Annals of Harper^s Ferry concludes its war episode Mith 
this eloquent tribute to the hero of Ossawattomie : 

We will conclude this imperfect account of ''Harper\s Ferry 
during the war," by commenting on a fact Mhich, although it 
may be accidental, has certainly a strong significance for a re- 
flecting mind. Of all the government buildings in the Armory 
enclosure befoi'e the war, the only one that has escaped destruc- 
tion during that fearful struggle is John Brown's famous En- 
gine House. Of the occurrence that gave fame to this little 
building, there can be only one opinion — that it was a gross vio- 
lation of law for which the aggressors paid a just, legal 
penalty. On the other hand, it must be admitted that slavery 
was not only an evil but a disgrace to the ]\Iodel Republic of 
modern times and this civilized century. Who knoMS, then, 
but that providence selected this enthusiast as its instrument in 
removing that anomalous stigma of slavery from the State that 
boasts of having given birth to Washington, and of containing 
his ashes, and from this whole nation that can now, at least, 
truly call itself ''the land of the free." The preservation of 
this little building is, certainly, somewhat singular, and is takes 
but a small stretch of imagination to prophesy that it will be 
the Mecca to which many a pilgrim of this and othei- lands Mill 
in future years journej*, as to a shrine consecrated to liberty. 
John Brown was a violator of law and, as before i-emarked, he 
suffered a just punishment for his invasion of Virginia and his 
attempt at exciting a servile insurrection, but he was, certainly, 
honest, and it must be admitted that he gave the strongest 
proofs of sincerity when he sacrificed his life and the lives of 
his children for the cause he advocated. Of course, many will 
dissent from this opinion of slavery, especially in the South, if 
indeed, any considerable number will peruse these uni)ietending 
pages, but all must admit that John Brown's raid caused a 
revolution, the most extraordinary in the annals of this globe, 
and one that showed the most unmistakable signs of Providential 
interposition. As lately as October, 1859, the institution of 



50 SOmS^ENTR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

slavery bade fair to last as loug as the eternal mountains, anxl not 
only that, but to spread over most of the vast regions of the Mis- 
sissippi Valley, as yet unsettled by the Caucasian. It was 
hedged in and protected by every ^safeguard which legislation, 
state or national, could build around it, and in the South it 
was cherished with an idolatry sui'passing that of any pagan 
nation for its gods — ^an idolatry so fanatical and fierce as to pre- 
clude any safety to the person rash enough to doubt the divine 
origin of the institution. In the ^orth there was a very strong 
party who cherished it, for political purposes and for that 
anomalous sentiment in the human heart which glorifies, even 
in a republic, an aristocracy either real or pretended. The 
Congress of the United States had, a few years before, passed 
the "Fugitive Slave Law," an enactment the most disgraceful of 
any in the annals of legislation, and one which showed the depth 
to which the roots of this monstrous evil and iniquity had sunk 
into the hearts of the American people, as, of course, it could not 
have passed without a very strong support ft-om the non-slave- 
holding States. The hopes of the slave and the lover of liberty 
were dead and beyond the least prospect of resurrection when 
an humble man, without wealth, education or influence, but 
moved by a spirit which must now be believed to have emanated 
from heaven, with twenty-one others, equally humble, came, and 
in one short hour, sapped the deeply laid foundations of this 
sti'ucture, until it tumbled to destruction within four years. We 
may, therefore, well consider our revolution a dispensation of a 
just providence and the mission of John Brown as heaven-di- 
lected, and we will ventui-e to prophesy that before many years 
a monument to the memory of that missionary of freedom will 
stand on the site of his famous Engine House, or on the spot 
near Charles Town, from which his soul commenced to " march 
on" — literally to heaven, and figuratively to the emancipation 
of four millions of the human race. A native of a land that has 
for seven hundred years groaned under the iron rule of a foreign 
oppressor, and one who with his mother's milk drew in a hatred 
of tyranny and a corresponding love for the martyrs of freedom 
in every land, the author suggests the erection of this monument 
and he predicts that in a short time, there will be no man prouder 
of it or the hero it will commemorate than the gallant Vii-ginian 
who, though he fought fiercely against liberty, did so through 
the errors of his education alone, for he is in reality among the 
most chivalrous of mankind. A little experience of the benefits 
of the abolition of slavery, even to the white race, has already 



JOHN BROAVN'8 RAID. 51 

liiul a marked effect on tlie feeliiifi^s of the people of Virginia, 
ami it is evident tiiat the next geneiation will look with liorror 
aud conteini)t on the rclie of barbarism for which their fathers so 
persistently contended. '■^ Exegi monnmenium cere perennius^^ 
might well be the legend on the "John Brown colninn," for 
neither brass nor marble will endure as long as the work he has 
:icc<)in])lished, and the good deeds that live after the man — acts 
whieh, in their conseqnences, effect beneficially remote posteritj^, 
are the performer's proudest aud most lasting monument. There 
is a remarkable illustration of this truth at Haiper's Fei'ry, for 
not a fourth of a mile from the Engine House, where only twelve 
years ag;o the first blow was struck at the fetters of the Ameri- 
<'an slave, already towers '^Stoi-er College," an institutiou 
originally endowed by the munificence of a private citizen for the 
education of the freedmen, and every year a class of graduates, 
of both sexes, leave its halls to impart in turn to their less for- 
tunate bi-ethren, in distant localities, the blessings of a liberal, 
Christian education. This institution is a corallary of John 
Brown's idea and it is the noblest monument that could be 
erected to perpetuate his fame. It, moreover, affords a practical 
aud conjplete refutation of the calumny which asserted the in- 
capacity of the negro mind for receiving instruction, and the 
yearlj' commencement exhibitions at this infant college, even 
now, compare favorably with thase of the oldest and proudest 
seminai-ies in the land. It is gratifying to see that its merits are 
attracting attention from the wealthy and munificent all over 
the country, and that bequests and donations for its benefit are 
being made by the benevolent in various sections. As the field 
in which this institution has to laboi- is co-extensive with the late 
slave states and as the numbers seeking its advantages are almost 
beyond calculation, we would invite to it the attention of the 
many philanthropists which our country, hai)i)ily, possesses, 
although it frequently happens that their charities aie not di- 
rected to the worthiest objects." 

^ CHARLES TOWN, ^ 

the place of the execution of John Brown and his confederates, 
is the county seat of Jetrerson County, and is eight miles from 
Harper's Ferry, with which it is connected by pike and the Val- 
ley Branch of the B. & O. R. R. It is situated upon a high and 
beautiful undnlating ground, 5S0 feet above the sea aud com- 
mands a varied and beautiful scenery — North Mountains on the 



CHARLES TOWN AND YICIXITY. 53 

west and the Blue Eidge niountain and Harper's Ferry gap on the 
east, eliciting the expression from Jolin Brown on liis way to tlie 
scaffold, "that it was a beautiful country '" 

Tlie town was laid out by Charles Washington, brother of 
Genci-al (icoigc Washington. 17SG. It contains .3()()() inliabitants, 
with social advantages unsurpassed by any town of its size else- 
wlu'ic. and is what you might call an old aristocratic southern 
town. A great many of the descendants of our ill usti'ious fore- 
fathers, who made the early history of oui- counti-y. still live here, 
though their magniticent home-; have in some cases fallen in the 
hands of northerners who have come amongst them to live and 
in numy cases have married their daughters also. 

Slave quarters aud other evidences of anti-bellum days can 
still be traced here. 

The residence of Col. John Gibson is built upon the spot of the 
execution. He is a typical southern gentlenmn of aute-bellum 
days of that section, chivalrous, courteous and honest. 

It was these virtues so conspicuously possessed by the opposing 
men of the late war that easily led the writer up to the conclu- 
sion that the clash of arms was due to their different educations. 

Lee showed great courtesy to Bi'own after his capture and he 
in return spoke of the greatness of the southern people, save 
slavery. Horace Greely, the great abolitionist, went on Jefferson 
Davis' bond and gave him treedom, and Grant offered his sword 
to President Johnson before one of the rebels should be hurt. In 
view of these facts, then, is not a foreign war a blessing, so that 
all the citizens of all sections can be restored to the same footing 
— a regeneration of the nation, a re-baptism into citizenship ? 
The court house made fiimous by the trial of Brown and his men 
is still here with other places made interesting by this and other 
events. 

'•In the beauty of the lilies Christ was born across the sea. 
With a glory in his bosom that ti-ansfignres you and me. 
As he died to make men holy, let us die to make men free. 
While God is marching on." 

— Battle Hymn of the Republic, 



ANTIETAM. 



55 



^ ANTIETAM. ^ 



'X 








ANTIETAM is a beauti- 
ful rolling section of conn- 
try, lying at the foot of the 
Bine Ridge system. Its 
fields are green and waving, 
with a Quaker's quietness 
reigning around, and pos- 
sessing no marks of the 
great struggle for human 
liberty, save only what 
man has placed there since 
as memorials. It is called 
Antietam from the creek 
which traverses it, which 
^ first gave its beautiful In- 
dian name to the line of 
battle and afterwards to the whole territory over which the 
battle spread. It is reached by pike some twelve miles over a 
level and beautiful farming country by Shepherdstown, or moun- 
tain road through i^rimitive forests, across murmuring brooks 
and by cool, gurgling springs. Togo one wa\' and return the 
other gives you a circuit of twenty-five miles' drive of beautiful 
and varied scenery and many interesting historical jioints, viz: 
the old southern town of Shepherdsto wn, LsiVs headquarters on 
Shepherdstown road, Sharpsburg and Antietam battlefields, by 
Reno's monument. Turner's and Crampton's Gaps and Horse- 
shoe monument, and residence of Geo. Alford Townsend, better 
known as *'Gath," in South Mountain, Kennedy Farm and 
John Brown's rendezvous, in " Sample's Manor." In the North 
the battlefield is known as Antietam, in the South, as Shaips- 
burg, the reason being, that the Confederate line passed through 
the latter place toward the river. 

The residence of Hon. Jacob H. Grove, a brick house slightly 
elevated, on southwest corner of public square, is marked as the 
place where Lee held a conference with Longstreet and D. H. 
Hill, but his headquarters were in tents pitched in a grove on 



ANTIETAM. 



57 



the i]<ilit of tlie ShepherdstoMii road, just outside of town. 
Sliar])sl>urii- is a sliadx' little town of some 1000 inhabitants, nest- 
ling' in the hollow of the suiToundinji,' liills, an<l is ini])roved l)y 
hattletield I'oads tiii(>nj;h and around it. l)ein^the intention of the 
Government later to join them soutli of the town. In view of 




<^:^- 



MONL'MENTS TO WAR CORRESPONDENTS, AND HOME OF GEORGE ALF^fift 
TOWNSOND, ESQ,, OF SOUTH MOUNTAIN. 



this eircnmstanee then, would it not be fitting; and in the whole 
appropriate that the eenter of the town that widens into a public 
square, be set otf bj' a fitting memorial perpetuating the gieat 
issue n])on which this bloody battle hinged, the Emancipation 
Proclamation. The improvements of the battlefield all around 
the town will natnially force some ornamentation of this square, 
and a step of this kind by its citizens, I think, would not be out 
of order and very i)i-oi)er. An agitation of the subject Mould 
hurt nothing and <iuite likely pi'oduce something in the long- 
run. 

Previous to this battle, the day was a bright one for the Con- 
fedeiates and a dark one for the Union forces. Lee crossed into 
M iryhmd at White's Ford and took the direction of Frederick 
city in an invasion of the north. McClellan. just reinstated iuto 
command, lolloped closely but cautiously ujton his heels and 
brought him to an engageuu'Ut on the banks of the far-famed 
Ant ietam. 

Had the people of Maryland i-esponded to the address of Gen. 
Lee and the l)attle been a Confederate ti-iumph, then no doubt 
our rock of Union and Liberty would have been blasted forever. 



~y 



antietam. 59 

*' Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, 
" Near Frederick, Md., September 8th, 1862. 
* ' To the People of Maryland : 

''It is rifflit tliat you sliouUl know the purpose tliat has brought 
the ariuy under my command within the limits of your State, so 
far as that purpose concerns yourselves. 

" The people of the Confederate States have long watched with 
the deepest sympathy the wrongs and outrages that have been 
inflicted upon the citizens of a commonwealth allied to the States 
of the South by the strongest social, political, and commercial 
ties, and reduced to the condition of a concpiered province. 

" Under the pretense of supporting the Constitution, but in 
violation of its most valuable provisions, your citizens have been 
arrested and imprisoned, upon no charge and contrary to all the 
forms of law. 

'• A faithful and manly protest against this outrage, made by 
a venerable and illustrious Mai-ylander, (Roger B. Taney,) to 
whom in better days no citizen appealed for right in vain, was 
treated with scorn and contempt. 

''The government of your chief city has been usurped by 
armed strangers ; your Legislature has been dissolved by the un- 
hiwful ai'iest of its members ; freedom of the press and of speech 
has been suppressed ; words hav^e been declared offenses by an 
arbitrary decree of the Federal Executive , and citizens ordered 
to be tried by military commissions for what they may dare to 
speak. 

"Believing that the people of Maryland possess a spirit too 
lofty to submit to such a government, the people of the South 
have long wished to aid you in throwing off this foreign yoke, to 
enable you again to enjoy the inalienable rights of freemen, and 
restore the independence and sovereignty of your State. 

"This, citizens of Maryland, is our mission, so far as you are 
concerned. No restraint upon your free Avill is intended. No 
intimidation will be allowed within the limits of this army, at 
least. We know no enemies among you, and will protect all of 
you in every opinion. 

" It is for you to decide your destiny freeh' and without con- 
straint. This army will respect your choice, whatever it may 
be ; and, while the Southern people will rejoice to welcome you 
to your natural position among them, they will only welcome 
you when you come of your own free will. 

" R. E. Lee. General Commanding." 



60 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

Lec^s Famous Lost Order at Frederick. 



''Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, 

'^ September 9th, 1S62. 

"The army will resume its march to-morrow, taking the 
Hagerstown road; General Jackson's command will form the ad- 
vance, and, after passing Middletown, with such portion as he 
may select, take the route toward Sharpsbni-g, cross the Potomac 
at the most convenient point, and by Friday night take posses- 
sion of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, capture such of the enemy 
as may be at Martinsburg and intercei^t such as may attemi^t to 
escape from Harper's Ferry. Gan. Ljugstreet's command will 
X3ursue the same road as far as Boonsboro, where it will halt 
with the reserve supply and baggage trains of the army. 

Gen. McLaws with his own division and that of Gen. R. H. 
Anderson will follow Gen. Longstreet ; on reaching Middletown, 
he will take the route to Harper's Ferry and by Friday moi-ning 
possess himself of the Maryland Heights, and endeavor to cap- 
ture the enemy at Harper's Ferry and vicinity. 

General Walker with his division, after accomplishing the 
ol>ject in which he is now engaged, will cross the Potomac at 
Cheek's ford, ascend its right bank to Lovettsville, take posses- 
sion of Loudoun Heights if practicable by Friday morning, 
Key's Ford on his left, and the road between the end of the 
mountain and the Potomac on his right. He will, as far as prac- 
ticable, co-operate with Gen. McLaws and Gen. Jackson in in- 
tercepting the retreat of the enemy. Gen. D. H. Hill's division 
will form the rear guard of the army pursuing the road taken 
by the main body. The reserve artillery, ordnance and suj^ply 
trains, &c., will j) recede General Hill. 

" General Stuart will detach a squadron of cavalry to accom- 
pany the commands of Generals Longstreet, Jackson and Mc- 
Laws, and, with the main body of the cavalry, will cover the 
route of the army, and bring up all stragglers that may have 
been left behind. 

" The commands of Generals Jackson, McLaws and Walker, 
after accomplishing the objects for which they have been detached, 
will join the main body of the army at Boonsboro or Hagers- 
town. 

" Each regiment on the march will habitually carry its axes 
in the regimental ordnance, wagons, for use of the men at their 
encampments to j)rocure wood, &c. 

"By Command of General R. E. Lee, 

"R. H. Chilton, Assistant Adjutant-General, 
"Maj. Gen. D. H. Hill, Commanding Div. 



ANTIETAM. 61 

Tablets Erected at Depot at Harper's Ferry, W. Va., by 
Battlefield Commissioners. 

capturp: of harper' !=i ferry, Sunday, 15, 1862. 



TABI.ET I. 



On Sept. loth, 1802, Gen. E. E. Lee, connnanding tlie Army 
of Xorthein Yirginia, tlien at Frederick, Md., set three columns 
in motion to capture Harper s Feri-y. Major-Gen. L. McLaws, 
with bis own division and that of Major-Gen. R. H. Anderson, 
marched through Middletown and Brownsville Pass into Pleas- 
ant Valley. On the 1 2th the brigades of Kershaw and Barksdale 
ascended Maryland Heights by Solomon's Gap, moved along the 
crest and at nightfall were checked by the Union forces under 
command of Col. T. H. Ford, about two miles north of this. 
Eight Confedeiate brigades held Weverton, Sandy Hook and 
approaches from the east. On the 13th Kershaw and Barks- 
dale drove the Union troops from the Heights, Ford, abandon- 
ing 7 guns, retreated across the pontoon bridge, a few yards above 
the lailroad bridge to Harper's Ferry. The Union loss was 38 
killed and 134 wounded ; Confederate loss 35 killed and 178 
wounded. Brig. -Gen. Johu E. Walker's division crossed the 
Potomac at Point of Eocks, 10 miles below this, during the night 
of Sept. 10th, and on 13th occupied Loudoun Heights and the 
roads south of the river, leading east and south. 

TABLET II. 

Major-Gen. Thomas I. Jackson, with his own division and 
those of Major-Gen. A. P. Hill and E. S. Ewell, left Frederick 
on the morning of vSept. 10, and passing through Middletown 
and Boousboro. crossed the Potomac at Williamsport, 21 miles 
nortli of this, on the afternoon of the 11th. Hill's division took 
the direct road to Martinsbuig and bivouacked near it. Jackson's 
and Ewell's divisions marched to Xorth :\Iountain depot on B. 
&OR. R., seven miles northwest of Martinsburg, and bivouacked. 
During the night Brigadiei -Gen. Julius White, commanding 
the I^nion troops at ^Nlartinsburg, 2,500 in nund)er, al)andoned 
the i)lace and retreated to Harper's Ferry. Jackson occupied 
:\rartinsburg on the morning of the 12th, passed through it and 
about noon on the 13th, A. P. Hill's division in the advance 
reached Halltown, 3^ miles west of this, and went into camp. 
Jackson and Ewell's divisions, following Hill's, encamped near it. 



62 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

TABLET III. 

Col. Dixon S. Miles, Second U. S. Infantry, commanded the 
Union forces at Harper's Ferry. After Gen. White joined liim 
from Martinsbnrg, Sept. 12, and Col. Foixl from Maryland 
Heights on the 1.3th, Miles had about 14,200 men. On tlie 
morning of the 14th the greater part of the force was in position 
of Bolivar Heights If miles west, its right resting on the Poto- 
mac, its left near the Shenandoah, artillery distiibnted on the 
line. Artillery and a small force of infantiy occupied Camp 
Hill nearby, midway between this and Bolivar Heiglits. The 
cavalry was under partial cover of the irregularities of the 
ground. On the morning of the 14tli, Walker placed five long- 
range guns near the nortliern point of Loudoun Heiglits and at 
1 p. m. opened on the Union battei'ies on Bolivar Heights and 
Camp Hill, which was replied to. An hour later, Jackson's ar- 
tillery opened on Bolivar Heights from school house hill and 
still an hour later McLaws opened from two parrott guns that 
he had succeeded in placing near the southern extremity of 
Maryland Heights. The fire IVom these three directions was 
continued till silencing and dismounting someof the Union guns. 

TABLET IV. 

In the afternoon of the 14th Jackson's division advanced its left, 
seized commanding ground neai' the Potomac and established ar- 
tillery upon it. Hill's division moved from Halltown obliquely 
to the right until it struck the Shenandoah, then pushed along the 
river. The advance, after some sharp skirmishing, late in the 
night gained high ground upon which were placed 5 batteries, 
commanding left rear of the Union line. Ewell's division ad- 
vanced through Halltown to school house hill and deployed 
about 1 mile in front of Boliver Heights, bivouacking on either 
side the Charles Town road. Dui'ing the night the Confederates 
advanced on the right and left, gaining some ground and 10 guns 
of Ewell's division crossed the Shenandoah river at Key's Ford 
and were placed on the plateau at the foot of Loudoun Heights 
to enfilade the entire position on Bolivar Heights. About 9 p. 
m. the entire Union cavalry force, about 1500 men, crossed the 
pontoon bridge, passed up the canal bank about a mile, followed 
the mountain road near the i-iver, crossed the Antietam near its 
mouth, passed through Sharpsburg about midnight and escaped 
into Pennsylvania. 

TABLET v. 

At daylight Sept. 15th, the batteries of Jackson's division de- 



A XT I ETA M. 63 

livercd a sovore fiiv against tlic ligiit of 7>()li\ai' ITciiilits defense, 
Ewell's balteiies »»i)eiied from Scliodl-Hoiise liill in front, Hill's 
five batteries on ^I'oiind eonimandin*;;' tlie left of the line and the 
ten <;uns across tlie Slu'nan<loali poui'ed an accniate entihule fire 
from the left and I'ear of ^files' defenses. The artilleiy on IjOU- 
donn Heights and ]Mai ylaiid Jleiglits joined in the attack. This 
concentrated lire of fifty-six guns was ]'es])()nded to by the Vnion 
guns, but in an hour Ix'ginning to run short of ammunition. 
Miles raised the white flag in token of surrender. Soon after he 
Mas mortally wounded and the command devolved upon Gen. 
"White who completed the terms of capitulation by the suirender 
of about 12,000 officers and men and all pul>lic property. Hill's 
division was left to pai'ole the prisoners while Jackson with five 
divisions marched to the field of Antietani. Exclusive of the 
loss on Maryland Heights, the Union loss, 9 killed and 39 
wounded ; Confederate loss, 6 killed and 09 wounded. 



The Battles of South Mountain and Antietam, Md. 



The battle at Turner's Gap in South Mountain, was fought 
September 14th, 1862, (Sunday) between Major-General Burn- 
side, commanding right wing of the Union Army, 30,000 to 35,- 
000 strong, and ^lajor-Generals Longstreet and D. H. Hill, of 
the Confederate Aruw, 25,000 strong. 

The battle at Crampton's Gaj), in South Mountain, was fought 
on the same day as above, between Major-(Jeneial Fianklin's 
Sixth Corps, forming the left Ming of McClellan's Army of the 
Potomac, 4,000 to 6,000 men, and Brigadier-General Col)b. mUL 
two or thi'ee brigades of McLaws' division, 1.200 to 1,500 men, 
while the lai'ger j)ortiou of McLaws' division was some miles 
farther on, operating against iMaryland Heights and Harper's 
Ferry. 

The battle of Antietam was fought September 17th, 1862, be- 
tMcen the Union Army of the Potomac, 87,000 strong, under 
Major-General IMcClellan, ami the Coidederate Army of Virginia, 
97,000 stiong, under General R. E. Lee. 

The battle of Antietam is tersely and eloquently descril)ed in 
the following address delivered at the unveiling of the soldiers 
monument Sepleml)er 17, 1880. 

ADDRESS OF HON. M. BROSIUS, OF LANCASTER, PA. 

This countless assemblage of the children of men declares tlie 



64 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

profouiul interest aiul eoniniaii(liii<i' importauee of the oceasion 
that has caUed iis together. Any extraonlinary human exertion 
engages the resi)eettal attention of niankind. A great work of 
art invokes our admiration, a stupendous effort of inteUect com- 
mands our leverenee. 

UnexampUnl feats of daring and prowess affect us with woiuler, 
exhibitions of dauntless courage wrest from us spontaneous ai)- 
plause. But it is the contemphition of a combination of all the 
elevated powers of mau in a state of intense and sublime action 
— extraordinary physical power of endui-ance. matchless courage, 
deathless valor-, sublime heroism and uijble self- sacrifice, all in- 
spired by a lofty patriotism and a supieme devotion to principles 
inseparably connected wdth the maintenance of a just government 
and the liberties of mankind — that is best fitted to engage all the 
faculties of the mind — all the emotions of the heart, elevating 
the whole being to a height from which the sweep of the soul's 
vision comprehends all that is great in action, admirable in i)ur- 
pose, lofty in sentiment, and god-like in achievement. From 
such a combination of human endeavors the ground whereon we 
stand derives its importance in the histoi'V of the republic. 

To-day, 18 years after its baptism in blood, the name of Antie- 
tam is a spear of Aeolus, which smiting the poi-tals of memory, 
forth rushes a flood of hallowed recollections, on whose uplifting 
bosom we are borne to a height from which we can survey , with 
clear and dispassionate vision, the character of that day's su- 
preme test of the mettle of American soldieis, the n;aivekus re- 
sults of the sacrifices here piled upon our country's altar, with 
their great lessons for all coming time. 

SOLEMNITY OF THE OCCASION. 

How grand the theme, how mighty and far reaching the 
question its contemplation suggests. Yet how little adapted to 
the elevated and imposing task of their consideration are the 
feeble powers of him whom the partiality of the trustee of this 
beautiful '' place of Sepulchers" has chosen for its execution. In 
the presence of 4,000 of our martyred dead the tongue falters, 
the heart mufffes its beats and a sense of overwhelming awe 
teaches us that silence rather than words would most accor-d 
with the solemnity of the occasion. Whatever we may say of 
the hei'oes whose dust lepose beneath these mounds, guarded 
for all time by a nation's imper-ishable gr-atitude, symbolized in 
the sculptui-ed sentinel that starrds above them — all our speech 
will be outweighed by their speechlessness. They are their own 



ANTTETA:\r. 65 

best orators to-day, for being dead, tliey yet speak. 

NIXESSITY OF THE WAR FOR UNION. 

Before alluding to the great event whose eotninemoration has 
brought us hither, the solemn inquii-y which already subsists in 
your minds, thrusts itself upon us demanding utterance, •'should 
battles be commemorated in a Chiistian land." We voice the 
sentiment of Christendom when we ask, do not all deprecate war? 
and from this vast multitude bathed in the memory of its inhu- 
manity, its splendid mui-der, its ghastly horrors, its terrible 
compensations, comes back, comes back the answer, — "all." Yet 
to the sense of mankind there is in that answer a reserved ex- 
ception. 

Between the philosophy of Hobbs who held that the natural 
state of mankind was war, and that super- retined sentiment that 
there can be no war that is not dishonorable, there is a middle 
ground whereon the Christian patriot can stand with the assur- 
ance of the favor of his country and his God. When the ob- 
jects of the contest are such as to engage the highest attributes of 
Heaven and secure alliance between mortal and immortal powers ; 
when necessary to crush bad pi-inciples, destroj' tyrants and 
rescue society from evils greater than itself, war becomes a high, 
noble and responsible duty. When otfered by the hand of neces- 
sity, not otherwise, said Sir Philip Sidney, it must be accepted. 
Ours was no rash, fruitless war for wanton glory waged, nor for 
added power and gain. It was the spontaneous uprising of pa- 
triotism to rescue the Union and Liberty. It was precipitated 
by no ephemeral cause but was in defense of ideas that will 
wander through eternity — principles inextinguishable as the stars 
and a civilization which shall endure to the '' last vestige of re- 
corded time." It was justified by an over- ruling necessity in 
the providence of God, in working out the destiny of the nation. 
It was the shadow by which the sun of American civilization 
marked its progress on the dial plate of history. It seems to be 
the lesson of the ages that every new birth of freedom must have 
its dark night of travail and pain. 

THE SEEDS OF CONFLICT. 

Liberty and slavery — iireconcilable in their natures — crossed 
the ocean the same year. The Mayflower and the Dutch slave 
ship plowed the sea at the same time. Both sought the shores 
of the new world and both planted their seeds, to grow side by 
side until the principle of the ''.survival ofthejiitcst^^ should ex- 
terminate the one and nationalize the other. Formidable events 
in thehistory of their contiict i)ut thenationto a formidable alter- 



66' SOtJTENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

native. The horrors of miasma or the fury of the blast. Said 
Yictor Hugo, fur every oak struck with lightning how man>- 
forests reudeied wliolesome. The storm whicli came behind the 
visible woik was the invisible — the former barbarism — the latter 
sublime. 

Under a scaffolding of war was to be reared a majestic temple- 
of human freedom. 

Never l>efore was war so highly justified, for never before had 
it wrought snch achievement for humanity. There were fields 
on which Spartan valor saved Greek intellect and art from the 
Persian— fields on which Eoman polity and law were saved from 
the Carthagenians and the Gauls — fields on which Charles Martel 
hurled back tlie Saracen hosts from the heart of Christendom — 
of Marston Moor and Nasby, where at the hands of Fairfax and 
Cromwell the cavaliers met their doom, of Leipsic, the battle of 
nations, that delivered E.uroi>e from French domination — of 
Waterloo that saw the overthrow of the first Napoleon and of 
Sedan that witnessed the downfall of the second empire ; but 
none of these will be so consecrated in after ages as the fields of 
the American revolution which laid the corner-stone, and of the 
war for the union which fixed firm and stable forever the foun- 
dations of Freedom's. 
emi)ire in the new 
world. 

THE BATTLE. 

The silvery vest- 
ments of a gTay dawn 
hang upon the hills 
and drape the woods^ 
along which a desper- 
ate and determined foe 
have formed six miles 
of doul)le battle lines. 
In their rear is the Po- 
tomac, in front the 
deep Antietam and 
McClellan's eager lines. 
The federal army 
reaches four miles 
OBSERVATION TOWER ON BATTLEFIELD. aloug the crcck. Grim 

and frowning batteries 
cover each hill crest, trained upon every stretch of ground o\er 
which the soldiers of the Union must pass to scale the steeps oc- 




ANTIETAM. 67 

'Ciipied by the enoiiiy. Death is waiting tipon the light of day. 
It lias come. Ifookei' Hiiigs down the gage of battle and ad- 
Taiu'ing beyond the woods, throws his corps like a thundei-bolt 
against the iron front of Jackson's lines, which fall staggering to 
the woods beyond. Reinforced by Hood's fresli troops they roll 
back tlie blood crested billow sweeping from the fiehl eveiy 
living thing. Bending before this dreadful storm the lines of 
Hooker retire. Weakened by his loss, he speeds a messag<' to 
Donbleday with the command, ''give me your best brigade in- 
stantly." And it comes, like an avalanche, led by brave Hart- 
suff — now into the corn field, now against a hurricane of fire 
against which none but lines of adamant could stand. O ye 
mortal powers, what courage. How like Gods they move. Yet 
see how like men they fall — those citizen soldiers who but yes- 
terday left their kisses on the lips of mothers, Mives, daughters, 
in exchange for their benediction as the}" rushed to the baptism 
-of fire. They came to triumph or to die. See, they still breast 
that flood of fire ; now it begins to break; now, thank God, it 
IS dashed to pieces as a wave upon a rock and ebbs with bloody 
spray and foam to the sheltered grounds beyond. 

The corn-field is again won, but the ground is ridged with 
the dead. 

The gallant Hooker is now borne wounded from the field. 
But on this there is no gai) made in field or staff that is not in- 
stantly filled up. Sumner is at hand and bravely he rides into 
Hooker's place, his white hair streaming in the wind, contrast- 
ing with the fier}' flash of his eye as he hurries to the thickest of 
the fight. 

But the enemy has rallied again and strengthened by McLawb' 
and Walker's divisions they advance upon our right, with 
gleaming bayonets and terrible volleys bend and break our front 
and hurling it back one-half the distance it had won. But the 
wave recedes to advance again, for now Franklin comes, his 
soldiers cheering as they run. They sweep the corn-field again 
with a tempest of fire which no human power can withstand and 
on to the woods beyond, from which the shattered lines of the 
enemy retire, leaving the field wliich was four times lost and won 
in the possession of the Union army. It is one o'clock. Burn- 
side wrests the lower bridge from the gras[) of the enemy 
who retieat to the heights. It is three o'clock. Burn- 
side is cliaiging up the steep — the heights are carried — the Con- 
federate right reeling from the shock falls backward almost to 
Sharpsburg. Glorious triumph. But ohi how short lived. 



68 



SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK, 



Another battle line appears, it is Hill's division, and another 
hurricane of fire leaps from their cannon's mouths. Soi'oly 
pressed Burnside sends for help and McClellan replies, "Tell 
Gen. Burnside this is the battle of the war." 

Meanwhile Franklin's batteries are playing- on the right like 
the fires of ^Etna. Every hill top is crested with white clouds of 
smoke. Upon four lines of battle shinestiuit splendid Septeinbei- 
sun, as it sinks reddening in the west. The night approaches 
bringing its truce to the dreadful fraj^ Darkness silences the 
last gun and the dews of heaven fall upon a crimsoned earth, for 

'^ With copious slaughter all the field was red 

x\.nd heaped with growing mountains of the dead." 

AFTER THE BATTLE. 

The battle is over — the field of Antietaui has become the val- 
ley of the shadow of death. Man is ephemeral ; the heavens 
eternal. The stars that looked down upon that field of blood 
were the same tlmt lit up the ghostly plains of Troy '' rough 
with the dead bodies of ancient heroes. The moon whose silvery 
radiance fell upon the up-turned faces of our dead was the same 
that stood still in the Valley of Ajalon. The marvelous cano])y 
of blue and gold that bent tenderly over that carnival of death 

was the same 
that V a u 1 1 e d 
above the earth 
at the command 
of God "Let 
there be a firma- 
ment." The 
night is past. 
The first beam 
of the rising sun 
kisses the face 
of 20, 000 Ameri- 
can soldiers — 
victors and van- 
q u i s h e d. Oh 
BURNSIDE'S BRiDiiE. God! wliat a har- 

vest did the reapers gather that day. 

"' So fought each host with thirst of glory fired, 
And ciowds on crowds triumphantly expired." 

THE FALLEN. 

Of those who went down in that holocaust of death what can 
we say. Vain are the eulogies of the living upon the brave men 




ANTIETAM. 69 

wliom the Mile of battle swept to the skies from this liistoi-ic field. 
They had the same spirit as Gustavus of Sweden, atLutzen when 
he cried '' God is my harness." Tliey died in the noblest place 
for man to die, '' at the post of duty ; not for themselves but for 
their country." To their cliaracter our praise can add nothing ; 
not to their valor, for it is immortal ; not to their patriotism, for 
it is in the Recording Angel's book ; not to their endurance, foi- it 
is embalmed in history's' page. Helpless to add a single flower 
to the immortal wreaths that wnll forever crown their immoital 
deeds, we resign them to their rest with the prayer of Pennsyl- 
vania's sweet poet, on the field of Gettysburg: 

" Take them, O fatherland ! 
Who dying, conquered in thy name ; 
Take them ; O God, our brave 
The glad fulfillment of Thy dread decree, 
WJio grasped the sword for peace and smote to save; 
And dying here for freedom, died for Thee." 

THE RESULTS OF THE BATTLE. 

These were monstrous in extreme. On it was staked the 
safety of Maryland and Washington, on one side ; the deliver- 
ance of Maryland and an open highw ay for Lee to Philadelphia 
on the other. Had not the rocks of Liberty and Union at Antie- 
tam hurled back the waves of rebellion that surged against them 
the battle of Gettysburg might have been fought in 1862. 

Had not the depression that hung like a pall over the north 
and bowed down the heart of our great president been lifted by 
this great battle, how the duration of the war might have been 
affected we cannot tell. But the sun that lit up the field with- 
out a foe on the morning of the IStli of September, sent its beams 
of light and joy into millions of hearts dispelling doubts, allay- 
ing fears, insi)iring hope. For months a gi'cat question had 
agitated the mind of the president. He felt that the rebellion 
was vulnerable through slavery ; but the public mind Avas not 
l^repared for it. Fifty thousand bayonets were in the Union 
army fi-om the border States. Wrestling with this great ques- 
tion day and night he at last declared " whatever shall appear to 
be God's will I will do." Thus to our noble pilot at the helm, 
the battle of Antietam was a break in the storm, a gleam of sun- 
light through a rift in the clouds. He had watched the compass 
of the popular mind. Two days after the battle, the North, 
which had been swinging between hope and despair, recovered 
its conrage, and on the wings of praise and thanksgiving mil- 



70 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

lions of hearts went up to God. The liour has come. The 
nation has been lifted nearer the great source of truth and can 
now see eye to eye with Him. 

Who in the fear of God didst bare the sword of power — a 
nation's trust and who with prayer upon his lips gives his 
answer to the invasion of State, by the armies of the rebellion. 
That proclamation -'timers noblest acf^ received the approval of 
men and the gracious favor of God ; and the war for the fii'st 
time assumed its real chai-acter. At the close of the battle of 
Valmy, Gothe said, "From this time and from this place com- 
mences a new era in the world's history and you can all say you 
were present at its birth." From this place and from the day 
we commemorate is a new era in American history and thousands 
of Amei-ican soldiers can say " we were present at its birth." 
When the struggle for the Union was thus elevated, when men saw 
that the hopes of humanity hung upon a battle, it seemed that 
the heavens became more propitious, until joyful peace extin- 
guished the camp fires on the last battlefield and the republic 
marched with stately tread over the elevated plain which had 
become the theater of the grandest drama in human history, 
whose acts followed by inevitable logic until the nation borrowed 
the mighty words of Sinai's burning mount : "Proclaim liberty 
throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof; " sub- 
lime consummation. The whole earth felt the instantaneous 
thrill as the sun of freedom burst in full-orbed splendor upon the 
new world, sending beams parallel with the eternal law into the 
remotest refuge of oppression. 

"For mankind are one in spirit and an instinct beats along 
Bound the earth's electric circle the swift flash of right and 

wi-ong, 
Whether conscious or unconscious, yet humanities vast frame 
Through its ocean sundered fibers feels the gush of joy or 

shame. 
In the gain or loss of one race, all the rest have an equal claim." 

Crowned thus with the artist's last band the column of Ameri- 
can liberty stands surmounted with the presiding genius of the 
work, with outstretched hands invoking and receiving the 
blessings of God. Thus is exhibited the effects of the battle of 
Antietam — a rich heritage of glory whose lustre is as fadeless 
and whose life is as perennial as the stars. 

THE VEIL LIFTED. 

At last the veil was lifted and displayed an exalted mission 



ANTIETAM, 



71 



and splendid destiny lor the republic. As yon silent sentinel 
(pointing- to the statue) watches the honored dead, so we will 
guard the priceless legacies left us. Oh ! my countrymen, do we 
realize the task imposed ui)on us. Ai'c we fit for the exalted 
service ? This question is propounded, by the field of Antietam, 
to the nation today. If the patriotism of all sections answers 
yea, then the American rei)ublic shall stand a monument to its 
patriot dead when pyi'amids are not and the Karnak is forgotten. 



OUR COUNTRY. 

What is onr country that we should be thus mindful of it ? 13 
Colonies have groMn into 38 Commonwealths. The 3,000,000 
have multiplied into 50,000,000, obeying one law, having one 
country. Our commerce whitens every sea ; railroads span tlie 

continent ; the tele- 
graph makes every 
community the 
centre of the worlds 
chronicles. O u r 
science and inven- 
tion augment man's 
power. Here the 
A^ery child can be 
educated. At the 
recent exhibition 
of various and mul- 
tiplied industiies, 
we competed with 
the world and our 
products were 
peerless. The clus- 
tered trophies of the world's conquest in science and art. manufac- 
tures and agriculture were side by side in friendly rivalship. on 
our own soil and amidst them all the young Eepublic of America 
rose in queenly majesty and stood pi'oudly eminent. 

MORAL GREATNESS AND MACiNANIMITV. 

Those deeds of kindness pei'foi-med with e(pud tenderness, 
whether to i-elieve the wracking pain of mutilated soldier in blue 
or to cool the fevered brow of one clad in gray, wei-e pinions on 
which many loyal souls. North and South, rose ;is on bright 
wings toward Heaven. Thus above all questions of time and 
sense, above the Union, above rebellion, was the boundless com- 




DUNKARDS CHURCH. ON HAGERSTOWN PIKE. 



72 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

passion of the human soul illuminating with the light of divine 
actions the dark precipice of civil strife. 

And when the greatest living soldier laid his conquering 
sword on the capital of the Confederacy and received the sur- 
render of Gen. Lse, and when the curtain fell before the tragedy 
of the rebellion, voicing the sentiment of the Xorth, he said, 
''Lay down your arms and go to your homes on the parole of 
honor," and the nation said " Go and sin no more." The great 
Ctesar wrote to a friend that the chief enjoyment he had of his 
victory, was of seeing every day one or other of his fellow citi- 
zens who had borne arms against him. 

LESSONS or THE BATTLE. 

The great lesson is that we strive for a standard of moral inde- 
pendence, political integrity, obedience and loyalty which will 
guarantee a citizenship at once independent, incorruptible, 
obedient to law and loyal to the public weal. Without a vigor- 
ous, noble and true manhood, though our empire reach from sea 
to sea, we are a rope of sand. 

" 111 fares the land, to hastening ills a prey 

Where wealth accumulates and men decay." ' 

RECONCILIATION. 

Reconciliation and forgiveness are as important now as were 
heroism and valor in the hour of our country's peril. If there 
remains upon the Union a single strain of sectional hate let us 
not rest until it is wiped away. After the surrender Gen. Lee 
made the great speech of his life ; he said, ''soldiers we have done 
our duty and we know it ; now let us go home and be good citi- 
zens." The nation's silent chieftains also said, "Let us have 
peace." The prayer we utter from Antietam to-day is, "Let 
us have peace." Let us be good citizens. From the hearts of 
l^atriots everywhere, attuned to the same melody, is lifted up 
the glad refrain — celestial choirs prolong the joyful chorus, until 
the spirits of our martyred dead send back tlie swelling anthem, 
" Let us have peace ; let us be good citizens." 

Thus may a true unity of patriotic faith be restored in all 
hearts that are noiv loyal, and the people North and South rising 
above the mists of eaith — the smoke of battle — the clouds of re- 
sentment and hate into the golden sunlight of their better natures, 
will find their rock of reconciliation in the reflection that the 
dark and stormy path of war was the way of light to a redeemed 
and i-egenerated republic. 



AlS'TIETASl. 



■73 



HOPES OF THE FUTURE. 

Havin,ii- indulged some reilectious wliich emanated from this 
.occasion: having- witnessed tliis solemn " guard mounting" 
over the dead ; having dedicated this colossal soldier to his high 
task and been ourselves dedicated to a.yet higher and holier one, 
uiay we not, ^vithout invokiug the necromancer or astrologer, 
without searching among the silent stars, but from a considera- 
tion of the past and present alone, predict for the future of our 
country a career fai" transcending in the grandeur of its achieve- 
ments anything the world has yet attained, 
"That cast in some diviner mould 
The new cycle shaU shame the old.'"' 
Animated by these views and inspired by these lb o;pes, Ameri- 
cans can hold fast their laith, that while this granite sentinel 

shall hold his silent 
w^atch above these 
graves, 3'ea, wheuthe 
battle of time shall 
have cut him down 
also, and his dust shall 
have mingled with 
that of the dead be- 
neath him, the Ee- 
public, guided by 
principles that follow 
iu the wake of Chris- 
tianity as verdure fol- 
lows the sun, freighted 
with golden triumphs 
of the past and led by 
faith in au immortal 
destiny, "as by a 
pillar of cloud by day and of fire by night," will continue her 
majestic march down the centuries, plucking new laurels and 
winning new victories for man and government, until, ripe with 
years and a completed destiny, she lays the finished crown other 
glory at the feet of Jehovah at the jubilee of eternity. 




BLOODY LANE, EAST OF HAGERSTOWN PIKE. 



74 SOUVE.NIB AND GUIDE BOOIv. 

Official Reports of Major-General Geo. B» McCIellan o£ 
the Battles of South Mountain and Antietam. 

Headquaetees, Neae Shaepsbueg, Md., 

Sept. 29, 1862. 
I have the honor to repoi-t the following as some of the results; 
of the battles of South Mountain and Antietam ; At South 
Mountain our loss was 443 killed, 1,806 wounded, and 76 mis- 
sing; total, 2,325. At Antietam our loss was 2,010 killed, 
9,416 wounded, and 1,043 missing ; total, 12,469. Total loss in 
the two battles, 14,794, (but see revised statement of casualties. > 
The loss of the rebels in the two battles, as near as can be ascer- 
tained from the number of their dead found upon the field, and 
from other data, will not fall short of the following estimate: 
Major Davis, assistant inspector-general, who superintends the 
burial of the dead, reports about 3,000 rebels buried upon the 
field of Antietam by our own troops. Previous to this, how- 
ever, the rebels had buried many of their own dead upon the dis- 
tant portion of the battlefield, which they occupied after the 
battle — probably at least 500. The loss of the rebels at South 
Mountain cannot be ascertained with accui-acy ; but as our 
troops continually drove them from the commencement of the 
action, and a much greater number of their dead were seen on 
the field than oui- own men, it is not unreasonable to suppose 
that their loss was greater than ours. Estimating their killed at 
500, the total rebel killed in the two battles would be 4,000, ac- 
cording to the ratio of our own killed and wounded. This would 
make their loss in wounded 18,742, as nearly as can be deter- 
mined at this time. The number of j^risoners taken by our 
troops in the two battles will, at the lowest estimate, amount to 
5,000. The full returns will no doubt show a lai-ger numlier. 
Of these about 1,200 are wounded. This gives the rebel lovss in 
killed and wounded and prisoners 25,542. It will be observed 
that this does not include their stragglers, the number of whom 
is said by citizens here to be large. It may be safely concluded, 
therefore, that the Eebel army lost 30,000 of their best troops 
during their brief campaign in Maryland. From the time our 
troops first encountered the enemy in Maryland, until he was 
driven back into Virginia, we captured 13 guns, 7 caissons, 9 
limbers, 2 field forges, 2 caisson bodies, 39 colors, and 1 signal 
flag. We have not lost a single gun or color on the battlefield 
of Antietam. Fourteen thousand small arms were collected, be- 
sides the large number carried off by citizens and those distributed 



ANTIETAM, 75 

on the groTind to reeraits and other unarmed men arriving imme- 
diately after the battle. At South Mountain no colleetion of 
small arms was made, owing to the haste of the pursuit from that 
point. Four hundred were taken on the opposite side of the 
Potomac 

Geo. B. McClellan, 
Mnjor-General Commanding, 
Major-Gex. Haleeck, General-in -chief. 

General Orders, Xo. 160. 

Headquarters Army of the Potomac, 
Camp Near Sharpsburg, Md., Oct. Srd, 1862. 

The commanding general extends his congratulations to the 
army inKkr his command for the victories achieved by their 
bravery at the passes of the South Mountain and upon the 
Antietam Creek. The brilliant conduct of Reno's and Hooker's 
corps under Burnside, at Turner's Gap, and of Franklin's corps 
at Crampton's Pass, in which, in the face of an enemy strong in 
position and resisting with obstinacy, they carried the mountain 
and prepared the way for the advance of the army, won for 
them the admiration of their brethren in ai-ms. 

In the memorable battle of Antietam we defeated a numerous 
and powerful army of the enemy, in an action desperately fought 
and remarkable for its duration and for the destruction of life 
which attended it. The obstinate bravery of the troops of 
Hooker, Mansfield and Sumner, the dashing gallantry of those 
of Franklin on the right, the sturdy valor of those of Burnside 
on the left, and the vigorous support of Porter and Pleasanton, 
present a brilliant spectacle to our countrymen which will swell 
their hearts with pride and exultation. Fourteen guns, 39 
colors, 15,500 stands of arms, and nearly 6,000 prisoners taken 
from the enemy, are evidences of the completeness of our 
triumph. A grateful country will thank this noble army for 
acliievemeuts which have rescued the loyal States of the East 
from the ravages of the invader and have driven him from their 
borders. 

AVhile rejoicing at the victories which, under God's blessing, 
have crowned our exertions, let us cherish the memory of our 
brave companions who have laid down their lives upon the 
battlefield, martyrs in their country's cause, their names will 
ever be enshrined in the hearts of the people. 

By command of 
' Major-General McCLELLAX. 

S. Williams, Assistant Adjutaut-Geueral. 



7'6 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOIT, 

General Lee, in bis official report to President Davis, says of 
these battles : 

Sharpsbueg, Md., Sept. IGtli, 1862. 

Mr. President : My letter to yon of the 18tb instant in- 
formed yon of the positions of the different divisi^ons of tliis arni3%. 
Learning that night that Harper's Ferry had not surrendered, 
and th-at the enemy was advancing more rapidly tlian was con- 
venient from Fredericktown, I determined to i-etnrn with Long- 
street's command to the Elne Ridge, to strengthen D. H. Hill's 
and Stuart's divisions, engaged in holding the passes of the 
mountains, lest the enemy should fall upon McLaws' rear, drive 
him from the Maryland Heights, and thus relieve the gai-rison 
at Harper's Ferry. On approaching Boonsboro, I received 
information from General D. H. Hill that the eUemy in strong- 
force was at the main pass on the Frederick and Hagerstown 
road^ pressing him so heavily as to reqnire immediate re-infoi-ce- 
ments. Longstreet advanced rapidly to his support and imme- 
diately placed his troops in j)osition. By this time Hill's right 
had been forced back, the gallant Garland having fallen in rally- 
ing his brigade. Under Gen. Longstreefs directions, our right 
was soon restored and firmly resisted the attacks of the enemy 
to the last. His superior numbers enabled him to extend be- 
yond both of our fl^mks, and his right was able to reach the sum- 
mit of the mountain to our left and press ns heavily in that di- 
rection. The battle raged until aftei- nigrht. The enemy's efforts, 
to force a passage were resisted, but we had been unable to re- 
pulse him. Learning later in the evening' that Crampton's Gap, 
(on the direct road from Fredericktowu to Sharpsburg, ) had 
been forced, and McLaws' reiir thus tlireatened, and believing 
from a report from Gen. Jackson tliat Harper's Ferry would fall 
next morning, I determined to withdraw Longstreet and D. H, 
Hill from their positions and retire to the vicinity of Sharps- 
burg, where the army could be more easily united. Before 
abandoning the position, indications led me to believe that the 
enemy was withdrawing, but learning from a prisoner that Sum- 
ner's corps, (which had not been engaged,) was being iiut in 
position to relieve their wearied troops, while the most of ours 
were exhausted by a fatiguing march and a hard conflict, and I 
feared would be unable to renew the fight successfully in the 
morning, confirmed me in my determination. Accordingly, 
the troops were withdrawn, preceded by the trains, without mo- 
lestation by the enemy, and about daybreak took position in 
front of this place. The enemy did not pass through the gap 



antieta:m. 77 

until about 8 o'clock of the moi-iiing after the battle, and tlicir 
advance reached a position in IVont of us about 2 p.m. Before 
their arrival, I received intelligence from (4en. Jackson th:;t 
Harper's Ferry had surrendered early in the morning. From a 
more detailed statement furnished by Gen. Jackson's Adjutant- 
General, it apj)eai's that 4!) i)ieces of artillery, 24 mountain how- 
itzers and 17 revohing guns, 11,000 men fit for duty (consisting 
of twelve regiments of infantiy, tlii-ee companies of cavalry, and 
six companies of artillery,) together with 11.000 small arms, 
were the fruits of this victory. 

Part of Gen. Jackson's corps has reached ns and the rest are 
approaching, except Gen. A. P. HilTs division, left at Harper's 
Ferry to guard the place and take care of public property. The 
enemy have made no attack u\) to this afternoon, but are in force 
in our front. This victory of the indomitable Jackson and his 
troops gives us renewed occasion for gratitude to Almighty God 
for His guidance and protection. 

I am, with high respect, your obedient servant, 

E. E, Lee, General. 
His Excellency, President Davis. 



Headquaeters, Sharpsburg, Md., Sept. 18th, 1862. 
Mr. President: On the afternoon of the 16th instant the 
enemy, who, you were informed on that day, was in oui- front, 
opened a light tire of artillery upon our line. Early next morn- 
ing it was renewed in earnest, and large masses of the Federal 
troops that had crossed the Antietam above our position assem- 
bled on our left and threatened to overwhelm us. They advanced 
in three compact lines. The divisions of Generals McLaws, E. 
H. Anderson, A. P. Hill and Walker had not arrived the pie- 
vious night, as I had hoped, and were still beyond the Potomac. 
Generals Jackson's and Ewell's divisions were thrown to the 
left of Generals D. H, Hill and Longstreet. The enemy ad- 
vanced between the Antietam and Sharpsburg and Hagerstown 
turnpike, and was met by Gen. Hill's and the left of Gen. Long- 
street's division, where the contest raged tierceh', extending to 
our entire left. The enemy was driven back and held in check, 
but before the divisions of McLaws, Anderson and Walker, wlu* 
upon their arrival on the morning of the 17th wei'e advanced to 
support the left wing and center, could be brought into action, 
that portion of our lines was forced back by superior numbers. 
The line, after a severe conflict, was restored and the enemy 
driven back, and our position maintained during the rest of the 



78 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

day. In the afternoon the enemy advanced on our right, where 
Gen. Jones' division was posted, who handsomely maintained 
his position. Gen. Toombs' brigade, guarding the bridge over 
Antietam Creek, (known as Burnside Bridge) gallantly resisted 
the approach of the enemy ; but his superior numbers enabling 
him to extend his left, he crossed below the bridge, and assumed 
a threatening attitude on our right, which fell back in confusion. 
By this time, between 3 and 4 p. m.. Gen. A. P. Hill, with five 
of his brigades, reached the scene of action, drove the enemy im- 
mediately from the position they had taken, and continued the 
contest until dark, restoring our right and maintaining our 
ground. 

E. E. LEE, General Commanding. 
His Excellency, President Davis, Richmond, Va. 



Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, 

September 20th, 1862. 

Sir : Since my last letter to you of the 18th, finding the 
enemy indisposed to make an attack on that day, and our posi- 
tion being a bad one to hold with the river in rear, I determined 
to cross the army to the Virginia side. This was done at night 
successfully, nothing being left behind, unless it may have been 
some disabled guns or brokeu-down wagons, and the morning of 
the 19th found us satisfactorily over on the south bank of the 
Potomac, near Sliepherdstown, when the army was immediately 
put in motion toward Williamsport. Before crossing the river, 
in order to threaten the enemy on his right and rear and make 
him apprehensive for his communications, I sent the cavalry 
forward to Williamsport, which they successfully occupied. At 
night the infantry sharp-shooters left, in conjunction with Gen- 
eral Pendleton's Artillery, to hold the ford below Shepherds- 
town, gave back, and the enemy's cavalry took possession of 
that town, and from General Pendleton's report after midnight, 
I fear much of his reserve artillery has been captured. I am 
now obliged to return to Shepherdstown, with the intention of 
driving the enemy back, if not in position with his whole army ; 
but, if in full force, I think an attack would be inadvisable, and 
I shall make other dispositions. 

I am, with high respect, your obedient servant, 

R. E. LEE, General. 

His excellency, Jefferson Davis, Richmond, Va. 



ANTIETAM. « H 

ORGAIS^IZATIOX OF THE AEMY OF THE POTOMAC. 

MAJOR-GENERAL GPiO. B. MCCLELLAN, U. S. ARMY, 
COMMAXDINCt, SEPT. 14 TO 17, 1862. 

GEXEKAL HEADQUARTEK8. 

ESCORT. 

Capt. James B. McIntyke. 

Independent Company, Oneida, (N'ew York) Cavalry, Capt. 

Daniel P. ]Maun. 
4th U. S. Cavalry, Company A, Lieut. Thomas H. McCoriniek. 
4th U. S. Cavalry, Company E, Capt. Jas. B. 31clntyre. 
VOLUNTEER EXGI:NtEER BRIGADE, 
Brig. -Gen. Daniel P. Woodberky. 
15th New York, Col. John McL. Murphy. 
50th Xew York, Lieut. -Col. William H. Pettes. 

REGULAR ENGINEER BATTALION, 

Capt. James C. Duane. 

PROVOST GUARD, 

Major AVilliam H. Wood. 
2nd U. S. Cavalry, Companies E, F, H and K, Capt. Geo. A. 

Gordon. 
8th U. S. Infantry, Companies A, D, F and G, Capt. Royal T. 

Frank. 
19th U. S. Infantry, Company G, Capt. Edmund L. Smith. 
19th U. S. Infantry, Company H, Capt. Henry S. Welton. 

HEADQUARTERS' GUARD, 
major Granville O. Haller. 
Sturge's (Illinois) Rifles, Capt. James Steel. 
93rd New York, Lieut. -Col. Benjamin C. Butler. 

QUARTERMASTER'S GUARD, 

1st U. S. Cavahy, Companies B, C and I, Capt. Marcus A. Reno. 
FIRST ARMY CORPS: 

1. Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, (Wounded Sept. 17th.) 

2. Brig. -Gen. George A. Meade. 

ESCORT, 
2nd New York Cavalry, Companies A, B, I and Iv, Capt. John 
E. Nay lor. 

FIRST DIVISION, 

Brig. -Gen. Abnei- Doubleday. 



80 SOUVENIR AXD GUIDE BOOK. 

SECOND DIVISIOX. 
Brig.-Geu. James B. Eicket. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

1, Brig.-Geu. George G. Meade, (1st Corps.) 

2. Brig. -Gen. Tiuinan Seymour. 

SECOND CORPS. 
Maj.-Geu. Edwin Y. Sumner. 

ESCORT. 
6th Xew York Cavalry, Company D, Capt. Henry ^Y. Lyon. 
6tti Xew York Cavalry, Company K, Capt. Riley Johnson. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

1. Maj.-Gen. Israel B. Richardson, (Wounded September 17th.) 

2. Brig.-Geu. John C. Caldwell, 1st Brigade. 

3. Brig.-Geu. Winfield S. Hancock. 

1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 14 Regiments Infantry, 
2 Batteries Artillery. 

SECOND DIVISION. 

1. Major-Gen. John Sedgwick, (Wounded September 17th.) 

2. Brig.-Geu. Oliver O. Howard. 

1st, 2ud and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 13 Regiments Infantry, 

2 Companies Sharp-shooters, 2 Batteries Artillery. 

THIRD DIVISION. 

Beig.-Gex. William H. French. 

1st, 2ud and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 10 Regiments Infantry, 

3 Batteries Artillery. 

FOURTH ARMY CORPS. 

FIRST DIVISION, 
Ma J. -Gen. Darius N. Couch. 
1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 15 Regiments Infantry, 

4 Batteries Artillery, assigned to 6th Corps, as the 3rd 
Division, September 26, 1862. 

FIFTH ARMY CORPS. 

Ma.i.-Gen. Fitz John Porter. 

ESCORT. 

1st Maine Cavalr3% detachment, Capt. Geo. J. Summat. 

FIRST DIVISION, 

Maj.-Gen. Geo. W. Morrell. 

1st, 2ud and 3id Brigades, consisting of 19 Regiments Infantry, 



ANTIETAM. 81 

3 Companies Sharp-shooters, 3 Batteries Artillery. 
SECOND DIVISIOX, 
Brig.-Gex. George Sykes. 

1st, 2ik1 and 3i-(l Brigades, consisting of 10 United States Bat- 
talions lufantr}', 2 Regiments Infantry, 3 Batteries Artillery. 
THIRD DIVISION, 
Brig.-Gex. Andrew A. Humphreys. 

1st and 2nd Brigades, consisting of 8 Pennsylvania Regiments 
Infantry, 2 Batteries Artillery. (This Division was organ- 
ized September 12th, and reached the battlefield September 
18th.) 

ARTILLERY RESERVE, 

Lieut. -Col. William Hays. 

5 Battalions New York Light Batteries, 2 United States Batteries, 



SIXTH ARMY CORPS : 

Maj. -William B. Franklin. 

ESCORT, 

6th Pennsylvania Cavalr3% Companies B and G, Cai)t. Henrj' 
P. Muirheid. 

FIRST DIVISION, 
Maj. -Gen. Henry W. Slocum. 

1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 12 Regiments Infantry, 
4 Batteries Artillery. 

SECOND DIVISION, 
Maj. -Gen. William F. Smith. 
1st, 2nd and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 15 Regiments Infantry, 
3 Batteries Artillery. 



NINTH ARMY CORPS: 

1. Maj. -Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside, (commanding left wing.) 

2. Maj. -Gen. Jesse L. Reno, (killed September llth.) 

3. Brig. -Gen. Jacob D. Cox. 

ESCORT, 
1st Maine Cavalry, Company G, Capt. Zebulon B. Bletheu. 
FIRST DIVISION, 

Brig. -Gen. Orlando B. Willcox. 



82 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK, 

1st and 2nd Brigades, consistino- of 8 Regiments Infantry, 2' 
Batteries Artillery. 

SECOND DIVISION^ 
Brig. -Gen, Samuel D. Sturgis. 

1st and 2nd Brigades, consisting of S Regiments Infantry, 2: 
Batteries Artillery. 

THIRD DIVISION, 
Brig. -Gen. Isaac P. Rodman, (wonnded September 17th.) 

1st and 2nd Brigades, consisting of 7 Regiments Infantry. 1 
Battery (5th U. S.) Artillery. 

KANAWHA DIVISION, 

1. Brig. -Gen Jacob D. Cox. 

2. Col. Eliakim P, Scammon, 

1st and 2nd Brigades, consisting of 6 Regiments Infantry, 4 
Companies Cavalry, 3 Batteries Artillery. 



TWELFTH ARMY CORPS: 

1. Maj.-Gen. Joseph K. F. Mansfield, (killed September 17th. > 

2. Brig. -Gen. Alpheus S. Williams. 

ESCORT, 
1st Michigan Cavalry, Company L, Capt. Melvin Brewer. 
FIRST DIVISION, 

1. Brig. -Gen. Alpheus S. Williams. 

2. Brig. -Gen. Samuel W. Crawford, (wounded September 17th.) 

3. Brig. -Gen. Geo. H. Gordon. 

1st and 2nd Brigades, consisting of 10 Regiments Infantry. 

SECOND DIVISION, 

Brig. -Gen. Geo. S. Greene. 

1st, 2ud and 3rd Brigades, consisting of 13 Regiments Infantry, 
7 Batteries Artillery. 

CAVALRY DIVISION, 

Brig. -Gen. Alfred Pleasanton. 

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th Brigades, consisting of 14 Battalions 
Cavalry, 4 Batteries Artillery. 



ANTIETAM, 83 

<^oega:n^ization^ of the aemy of northern va., 

GENERAL KOBERT E. LEE, COMMANDING DURING THE 
MARYLAND CAMPAIGN. 

LONGSTREET'S CORPS: 

MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET. 

Major- General Lafayette McLaws' Division, consisting, 

Kershaw's Brigade, 4 Regiments. 

Semmes' '^ 4 '^ 

Colfe' " 4 '^ 

Barksdale's *' 4 " 

Majors. P. Hamilton, ) ^ ,. __, ,, . . ^.,- 

Captain H. C. Cabelli | ^^"'^"^"^"^^^^^^^"^^^^^'^l^^y^ 

Major-General Richard H. Anderson's Division, consistiug, 
Wilcox's Brigade, 4 Regiments. 
Armstead's '^ 5 '^ 

Mahone's '' 5 " 

Pryor's ^^ 4 ^^ 

Featherstone's " 4 " 

Wright's '< 4 " 

Major John S.Saunders, Commanding 4 Batteries Artillery* 

Brigadier- General David R. Jones' Division, consisting, 
Toombs' Brigade, 4 Regiments. 
Drayton's " 3 '' 

Pickett's " 5 

Jenkins' " 5 " 

Anderson's " 5 *' 

Four Batteries Artillery, (Virginia. ) 

Brigadier-General John G. Walker's Division, consisting. 
Walker's Brigade, 5 Regiments and 1 Battery. 
Ransom's " 4 ^^ ^^ 1 u 

Brigadier-General John, B. Hood's Division, consisting, 
Hood's Brigade, 4 Regiments. 
Laws' " 4 " 

Evans' " 5 " 

Major B. W. Trobel, Commanding 3 Batteries Artillery. 
Colonel J. B. Walton's, Washington, (Louisiana,) 4 Comj)anies 
Artillery. 

Colonel S. D. Lee's Battalion, G Batteries Artillery. 



84 SOITYENIE AND GUIDE BOOK. 

JACKSOI^'S COEPS : 

MAJOR-GENEEAL THOMAS J. JACKSON. 
Major- General EwelPs Division, consisting, 

Lawton's Brigade, 6 Eegiuients. 

Trnmble's " 5. • '' 

Early's " 7 " 

Hays^ " 5 " 

Major A.R. Courtney, Commanding, 7 Batteries Artillery, 
Major-General Ambrose P. HilFs Light Division,, 

Brancbe's Brigade, 5 Regiments. 



Archer's 




5 


Gregg's 




5 


Pender^s 




4 


Field^s 




4 


Thomas' 




4 



Major E. L. Walker, Commanding, 7 Batteries Artillery. 
Major-General Jackson's Division, consisting. 
Winder'' s Brigade, 5 Regiments, 
Jones' '' 4 " 

Taliaferro's '' 5 " 

Starke's " 6 '' 

Major L. M, Shoemaker, Comuiandiug. 6 Batteries Artillery. 
Major-General David H. Hill's Division, consisting, 
Eipley's Brigade, 4 Eegiments. 
Garland's " 5 " 
Eode's " 5 

Anderson's "4 " 
Colquitt's "5 " 
Major Pierson, Commanding, 4 Batteries Artillery. 
Brigadier- General William K. Pendleton, (chief command) Ee- 
serve Artillery. 

Brown's Battalion, 5 Batteries. 
Jones' "' 4 'i 

Cutt's '' 5 '' 

Nelson's " 5 " 

MISCELLANEOUS : 
Five Batteries Virginia Artillery. 
Major-General James E. B. Stewart, Cavalry, consisting, 
Hampton' s Brigade, 5 Eegiments. 
Lee's " 5 " 

Robertson's " 5 " 

Capt. John Pelham, Commanding, 3 Batteries Horse Artillery. 



ANTIETAM. 



85 





Killsd 


Wounded 


Captured 
or Missing 




Return of Casualties in the Union 
















Forces in tiie Battle of Antietam 








g 


•L* 


<L) 


on the i6th and 17 of Sept., 1862. 


'71 




!/) 


"2^ ^ 


1^ 






iJ 




1) 




<u 




(U 




(J 


(« 


U 


10 


•~j 


'/) 


i^ 




m 


c 


5e 


'— 


^ 


■— 


be 







LU 





'jj 





lij 


< 


First Corps, 
















Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker, (Sept. 17,) 






I 








I 


Brig. -Gen. Geo. G. Meade. 
















First '^Diviswi/, 


. 10 


130 


34 604 




34 


812 


Brig. -Gen. Abner Doubleday. , 














Second T>tvision, 


6 


166 


43 


903 




86 


1204 


Brig. -(Jen. James B. Rickets. 
















I bird T)iviswn, 


9 


96 


22 


444 




2 


573 


I. Brig. -Gen. George G. Meade, (i C'ps) 
















2, Brig. -Gen. Truman Seymour. 
















Total, First Army Corps, 


25 


392 


100 


1951 




122 


2590 


Second Corps, 
















Major-Gen. Edwin V. Sumner. 
















Staff. 






2 








2 


First T)ivision, 


19 


191 


46 


893 




16 


1 165 


I. Maj.-Gen. .srael B. Richardson, (17.) 






I 








I 


2. Brig. -Gen. John C. Caldwell. 
















3. Brig. -Gen. Winfield S. Hancock. 
















Second Division. 


23 


350 


801513 


3 241 


2210 


I. Maj.-Gen. John Sedgwick, (17.) 






I 






2. Brig. -Gen. Oliver G. Howard. 












Tliird ^Division, 


21 278 


60 1255 


136 


1750 


Brig. -Gen. William H. French. 














Unattached t/lrtillejy. 




I 




9l i 


10 


Total, Second Army Corps, 


63 


820 


188 


3671 


3 


393 


5138 


Fourtli Corps — First Division, 






I 


8 






9 


Maj.-Gen. Darius N. Couch. 
















(Not engaged in the battle proper.) 
















Fiftli Corps, 
















Maj.-Gen. Fitz John Porter. 
















(only a portion of the Corps engaged.) 
















Second Division, 




12 


2 


83 




I 


98 


Brig.-Gen. Geo. Sykes. 
















Artillerv T^e serve, 


I 


4 




5 




I 


II 


Lieut.-Col.' William Hays. 
















Total Fifth Army Corps. 


I 


16 


2 


88 




2 


109 


Sixth Corps, 
















Maj.-Gen. William B. Franklin. 
















Staff. 


I 














First Division, 




5 


2 


56 




2 


65 


Maj.-Gen. Henry W. Slocum. 
















Second ^Division, 


7 


58 


20 


257 


2 


29 


473 


Maj.-Gen. William F. Smith, 
















Total, Sixth Army Corps, 


8 


63 


22 


313 


2 


31 


439 



86 



SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 



Casualties in tlie Union Forces, &c., 
continued. Major-Gen. Burn- 
side commanding left wing. 



Killed 


Wounded 


Capt 


ured 1 








or Missing 




c 




c 




c 




IL) 




dJ 




(U 


w 




en 


























(fl 




(/) 


5e 


c 


S£ 


— 


5£ 




o 


tJJ 


O 


m 


O 


UJ 



< 



MW//^ Corps, 
















Brig.-Gen. Jacob D. Cox. 
















First Division, 


2 


44 


20 


265 




7 


338 


Brig.-Gen. Orlando B. Willcox. 
















Second Division, 


9 


127 


33 


499 




II 


679 


Brig.-Gen. Samuel D. Sturgis. 
















Third Division, 


8 


212 


41 


746 




70 


1077 


Brig.-Gen. Isaac P. Rodman. 




I 












Kanawha Division, 


5 


31 


4 


188 


2 


25 


255 


Col. Eliakim B. Scammon. 
















Total, Ninth Army Corps, 


24 


414 


99 


1698 


2 


113 


2349 


Twelfth Corps, 
















I. Maj.-Gen. Joseph K. F. Mansfield. 


I 














2. Brig.-Gen. Alpheus S. Williams. 
















First Division, 


9 


150 


37 


827 




54 


1077 


I. Brig.-Gen. Alpheus S. Williams. 
















2. Brig.-Gen. Samuel W. Crawford. 






I 










3- Brig.-Gen. Geo. H. Gordon. 
















Second Division. 


7 


107 


26 


481 




30 


651 


Brig.-Gen. Geo. S. Greene. 
















Artillery, 




I 




15 




I 


17 


Capt. Clermont L. Best. 
















Total, Twelfth Army Corps, 


17 


258 


63 


1323 




85 


1746 


Cavalry Division, 


I 


6 




23 






30 


Brig.-Gen. Alfred Pleasanton. 
















RECAPITULATION. 
















First Army Corps, 


25 


392 


100 


1951 




122 


2590 


Second Army Corps, 


63 


820 


188 


3671 


3 


393 


5138 


Fourth Army Corps, (First Division,) 






I 


8 






9 


Fifth Army Corps, 


I 


16 


2 


88 




2 


109 


Sixth Army Corps, 


8 


63 


22 


313 


2 




439 


Ninth Army Corps, 


24 


414 


98 


1698 


2 


31 


2349 


Twelfth Army Corps, 


17 


258 


63 


1323 




113 


1746 


Cavalry Division, 


I 

139 


6 




23 




85 


30 


Total, Army of the Potomac, 


1969 


474 


9075 


7 


746 


12410 



ANTIETAM. 



87 



(Casualties in the Union forces in the 
battles, Turner's Gap and Cramp- 
ton's Gap, in South Mountain, 
Sept. 14th, 1862. Major-General 
A. E. Burnside commanding right 
wing, Army of the Potomac. 


Killed 


Wounded 


Captured 
or Missing 







33 


(/5 




c 

<L) 

du 


tn 

'J 




c 


< 


First Army Corps, 
Maj.-Gen. Joseph Hooker. 
















First Division, 

1. Brig.-Gen. John P. Hatch. 

2. Brig.-Gen. Abner Doubleday. 


I 


62 


14 
I 


375 




43 


496 


Second Division, 
Brig.-Gen. James B. Rickett. 




9 


2 


24 






35 


Third Division, 
Brig.-Gen. Geo. G. Meade. 


7 


88 


16 


280 




I 


392 


Sixth Army Corps, 
Maj.-Gen. William B. Franklin. 
















First "Division, 
Maj.-Gen. Henry W. Slocum. 


5 


107 


18 


381 




2 


513 


Second "Division, 
Maj.-Gen. William F. Smith. 




I 


I 


18 






20 


Ninth Army Corps, 
















1. Maj.-Gen. Jesse L. Reno. 

2. Brig.-Gen. Jacob D. Cox. 


1 














First "Division, 
Brig.-Gen. Orlando B. Willcox. 


2 


62 


13 


278 






355 


Second TDivision, 
Brig.-Gen. Samuel D. Sturgis. 


I 


9 


5 


ri2 




30 


157 


Tbird "Division, 
Brig.-Gen. Isaac P. Rodman. 




2 


I 


17 






20 


Kanawha "Division, 
I. Brig.-Gen. Jacob D. Cox. 


I 


79 


14 


251 




II 


•356 


Cavalry Division, (Pleasanton.) 




I 










I 


Grand Total, 


18 


420 


85 


1736 




87! 2346 



88 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 



MAEKIN^G THE LINES OF BATTLE AND THE POSITIONS 
OF TEOOPS OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC AND 
THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA AT ANTIE- 
TAM, MARYLAND, ETC. 



Febeuaey 27, 189L — Committed to the Committee of the whole 
House on the state of the Uniou and ordered to be lariuted. 



Me. Lansing, from the Committee on Military Affairs, submit- 
ted the following report: 

The purpose is to have each State which had troops engaged 
on the Held provide the monuments for marking the positions of 
the ti'oops, after the general plan heretofore pursued at Gettysburg 
by the Gettyslmrg Battletield Memorial Association, and proposed 
by the Chickamauga Memorial Association for like purposes on 
the fields of Chickamauga and Chattanooga. The sole expense to 
the United States for monuments will be those for marking the 
positions of the regular regiments and batteries, being 42. 

The regular Army had 16 regiments and 26 batteries on this 
field, which the District of Columbia and the following nineteen 
States had troops in the Union Army : Maine, Massachusetts, 
New Hami^shire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New 
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Ohio, 
West Virginia, Indiana, Kentucky, Illincjis, Michigan, Wiscon- 
sin and Minnesota. The Confederate Army was represented by 
troops from Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, 
Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, 
and Texas. On no other field was the Regular Army so largely 
represented, on no other field was there such a full representa- 
tion of States, and nowhere did they have representatives that 
excelled the desperate fighting done on that field. 

As already stated, Antietam was the bloodiest battle of the 
war of the rebellion. More men were killed on that one day 
than on any other one day of the war. There were battles with 
gi'eater loss of life, but they were not fought out in one day as at 
Antietam. At Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, and Spottsylvania, 
the fighting covered 3 days or more; at the Wilderness, Cold 
Harbor, Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga and Atlanta, the 
losses were divided between two days of fighting ; but at Antie- 
tam the bloody work commenced at sunrise and by 4 o'clock 
that afternoon it was over. A table showing the losses in the 



ANTIETAM, 



89 



principal engagements of the war pi-osents these facts more defi- 
nitely. 



7\ntietam 

Gettysburg . . . 
Spottsylvania . . 
Wilderness . . . 
Chancellorsville . 
•Chickamaufja . . 
Cold Harbor . . . 
Fredericksburgh 
Manassas .... 

Shiloh 

Stone River . . . 



Pefersburgh 

Atlanta, including Peach 

Tree and Ezra Church and 

battle of July 22. 
Chattanooga 



Date. 


Killed. 


Wounded. 


Missing 


Sept. 17, 1862 . . . 


2,108 


9.549 


75 


July 1-3. 186} . . . 


3.070 


14,497 


5.43 


Mav 8-18, 1864 . . 


2,725 


13.416 


2,25 


Mav 5-7, 1864 . . . 


2,246 


12,037 


3.383 


May 1-3, 1865 . . . 


1,606 


9,762 


5.919 


Sept. 19-20, 1865 . . 


1.656 


9.749 


4,774 


June I 4-. 1864 • • . 


1,844 


9,077 


1,810 


Dec. H-14. 1863 • . 


1,284 


g.6oo 


1,769 


Aug. 28-30, 1862 . . 


1,747 


8,452 


4,263 


April 6-7, 1862 . . . 


1,754 


8,408 


2,885 


Dec. 31. 1862; Jan. 


1,730 


7,802 


3.717 


12, 1863. 








June 15-1Q, 1864 . . 


1,688 


8.513 


1. 185 


July 1-51, 1864 - . . 


1,110 


5.915 


2,694 


Nov. 23-25,1863 . . 


687 


4,346 


349 



12, 410 
23,001 
18.399 

17,666 
17,287 
16,179 
12,737 
12.653 
14,462 
13,047 
13,^49 

11,386 
9,719 



5.382 



The percentage of loss on the Union side was over 15 percent, 
of the entire strength of the Army and fully 20 per cent, of the 
troops under fire. Many brigades lost one-third to one-half the 
men taken into action, and twelve regiments lost more than 50 
per cent, the Twelfth Massachutts heading the list with 67 per 
cent, while the lowest of the twelve, the Fourteenth Indiana, 
lo.st 56 per cent. 

Wellington lost 12 per cent, at Waterloo ; Xapoleon 14^ per 
cent, at Austerlitz and 14 per cent, at Marengo. The average 
losses of both armies at Magenta and Solferino, in 1859, was less 
than 9 per cent. At Koniggratz, in 1866, it was 6 per cent 
At Worth, Mars-la-Tour, Gravelotte, and Sedan, in 1870, the 
average loss was 12 per cent. 

The marvel of German fighting in the Fianco-Prussian was 
by the Third Westphalian Infantry at Mars-la-Tour. It took 
3,000 men into action and lost 40.4 per cent. Next to this record 
was that of the Garde-Schutzen battalion, 1,000 strong, at Metz, 
which lost 46.1 per cent. 

As .striking as are these figures on the Union side they are 
equalled if not exceeded by those of the Confederates. It is im- 
possible to give the figures with entire accuracy, for in making 
up their returns they included the lo.s.ses at Harper's Feny, 
South Mountain, and Autietam, aggregating 1,886 killed, 9,348 
wounded, 1,377 mis.sing, a sum total of 12,601, or according to 
General Lee's report, over 20 per cent, of the troops Avhich he 
took into Maryland, and the greater part of which loss was sus- 
tained at Antietam. 

The terrific nature of the contest sustained by them may be 
judged from the fact that many brigades lost one-half the men 



90 SOTTVENIE AND GUIDE BOOIv. 

engaged, and in three at least this proportion was exceeded- 
Oat of 42 Confederate regiments given as sustaining a loss in, 
an 3^ one battle during the entire war of over 50 per cent., ten- 
made this record in one day at Antietaut, headed by the First 
Texas, of Hood's division, which lost 82.3 per cent., the highest 
recorded for the war. 

These figures on both sides attest the bravery and obstinacy 
with which the opposing lines in open field, without breastworks 
of any kind, stood and tore each other to shreds, and your com- 
mittee can say of it as was said in a report upon another field : 

A field as renowned as this for the stubbornness and brilliancy 
of its fighting, not only in our own war, but when compared with 
all modern wars, has an importance to the nation as an object 
lesson of what is possible in American fighting, and the national 
value of the preservation of such lines for historical and pro- 
fessional study must be apparent to all reflecting minds. 

The political questions which were involved in the contest 
ought not, under ordinary circumstances, to enter into consider- 
ation ; biit Antietam forms an exception, for upon the result on 
that field depended the greatest political stroke of modern times, 
the promulgation of the policy of emancipation by the President 
of the United States. When the summer of 1862 bi-onght dis- 
aster to the Union cause, finally culminating in the invasion of 
Maryland by General Lee, Abraham Lincoln determined on the 
emancipation of the slaves. ^' I made," said Mr. Lincoln, ''a 
solemn vow before God that if General Lee was driven back 
from Maryland I would crown the result by the declaration of 
freedom to the slaves." 

General Lee was driven from Maryland, and on September 22, 
1862, President Lincoln issued the proclamation. 

Your committee further recommeud that such bill be amended 
as follows : In line 8 of page 4 strike out the words ''one hun- 
dred and twenty-five," and insert the word '^ fifty" in lieu 
thereof, and recommeud that the bill so amended do pass. 



SHEPHERDSTOWN, 



91 



^ SHEPHERDSTOWN, j» 

situated on the bluffs of the southern bank of the Potomac, is 
like its sister town, Chai-les Town, an old southern, slave-holdino- 
settlement, with many marks of culture and refinement and some 
hereditary w^ealth. 

It is noted as being one of the places in the valley where Gen. 
Hunter operated time of the war and where Lee re-crossed after 
the battle into Dixie at Blackford's Ford, 1 mile south of town. 
It is the location of one of the Confederate cemeteries, also. 




BLACKFORD'S FORD, 

WHERE LEE RE-CROSSED HIS ARMY INTO VIRGINIA AFTER THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM. 



92 



SOUTEmn AND GUIDE BOOK. 



THE DEVIL IN THE VALLEY. 



GElSr. hunter' >; OUTRAGES AS DESCEIBED BY GEN. IMBODEN. 

In a recent number of the '^&mte Constitution, Gen. John I).. 
Imbodeii, of Virginia, describes Gen. Hunter'"s canipaig-n in the- 
Shenandoah VaUey, in 1864, under tlie title of "The Devil in 
the Valley," which reads in part as follows : 

After burning private property in Eockbridge county valued 
at over 12,000.00, and many private houses in other counties 

along the line of his 
march, he reached 
Sheph er dsto w n^ 
where, "'on the 19th 
of July, 1804, he 
caused to be bui-ned 
the residence of the 
Hon. A. R. Boteler, 
'Fountain Eock.' 
Mrs. Boteler was also 
a cousin of General 
Hunter. This home- 
stead was an old col- 
onial house, endeared 
to the fimily by a 
thousand tender 
memories, and con- 
tained a splendid li- 
brary, many i^ictures, 
and an invaluable collection of rare and pi-ecious manuscripts 
illustrating the early history of that part of Virginia, that Colonel 
Boteler had collected by years of toil. The ladies and children 
were at dinner when infoi-med by the servants that a body of 
cavalry had turned in at the gate from the turnpike and were 
coming up to the house. It proved to be a small detachment of 
the First New York Cavalry, commanded by a Capt. William F. 
Martindale, who, on being met at the door by Mrs. Shepherd, 
coolly told her that he had come to burn the house. She asked 
him by what authority. He told her by that of General Hunter, 




COL. ALEX. BOTELER'S RESIDENCE, 

BURNT BY GEN. HUNTER IN 1864. 



ANTlllTAM. 93 

and showed Ikm- his wi-itfcii orih'i-. '^The oi'doi-. I soo, sir, is 
for yon to burn tlie liouses of Colonel Alexander lioteler and 
Mr. Edinnnd I. Lee. Now this is not Colonel TJoteler's honse. 
but is tile i)ro])eity of my mother, ]\[rs. Boteler. and tlierefore 
must nt)t be destroyed, as you haxe no authority to burn her 
liouse." "'It's Col. l>oteler's liome, and that's enouii,li foi- ine," 
Mas Martindale's i-('])Iy. She then said : ^'1 have l»een obliged 
to i-emove all my ])ei'sonal effects here and Irave several thousand 
dollais' worth of property storeil in the honse and outbuildings 
whieli Ix'longs to nie and my children, (^in T not be permitted 
to save it r' But ]\ra,i'tindale curtly told hei' that he intended to 
'•burn everything under roof upon the place." Meanwhile, 
some of the soldiers were plundering tin; house of silver spoons, 
forks, cups and whatever they fancied, while others piled the 
parlor furnitui-e on the floors, and others poured kerosene on the 
piles and floors, which they tlieu set on fire. They had brought 
the kerosene with them in canteens strapped to their saddles. 
Miss Boteler, Ix'ing devoted to music, ])leaded hard for her 
piano, as it l)elonged to her, having been a gift from her grand- 
niothei', but she was brutally forl)idden to save it ; whereupon, 
although the Hames Mere I'oaring in adjoining rooms, and the 
roof all on tire, she (piietiy went into the honse, and seating hei"- 
selffor the last time before the instrnment, sang lier favoi-ite. 
''Thy will be done." Then shutting down the lid and locking 
it, she calndy went ont n[)on the lawn, where her sick sister and 
the frightened little children were sitting under 1 he trees, the 
only shelter then left for them. 

3Iartindale's wi-itten order from Hunter also end)rac(Hl another 
Virginia home. He burned it too. The story is told by the 
gifted mistress of that houseln^ld in the folloM-ing letter, which 
Mas delivei'cd to Huntei'. This letter will live in history foi' its 
eloquence and sublime invectives 

'- Shfp/irnlsfoioi. 17^, July 20, 1S(>4. — General Tin nter : Yes- 
terday your underling, Captain ^Nlartindale, of the First New 
York Cavalry, executed your infamous order and bnrned my 
honse. You have the satisfaction ere this of i'ec<Mving from him 
the information that your orders were fulfilled to the letter : the 
dwelling and every outbuilding, seven in nuinbei-, with their 
contents, being burned. 1, tiierefore. a helj)less woman M'hom 
you ha\e cruell>' wi'onged. address xon. a !M;iJor-( Jeneral of the 
UnitiHl States Army, and demnnd wliy tiiis was done ! ^\'hat 
Mas my offense? My husband was absent — an exile. He never 
had been a politician oi' in an> way engaged in the struggle now 



94 SOUVENIR AND GUIDE BOOK. 

going on, his age preventing. Tliis fact yonr ebiefof-staft'. 
David Stiother, conld have toUi you. The honse was bnilt by 
my father — a revolutionary soldier, who served the whole seven 
years for yonr indepejidence. There was I born ; there the 
sacred dead repose. It was my house and my home, and there 
has your niece, Miss Griffith, who has tarried among us through 
all this horrid war up to the i>resent moment, met with all kind- 
ness and hospitality at my hands. Was it for this that you 
turned me. my young daughter and little son out upon the world 
without a shelter f Or was it because my husband is the grand- 
son of the revolutionary patriot and "'rebel,' Kichard Henry Lee 
and the near kinsman of the noblest of Christian warriors, the 
greatest of generals, Robert E. Lee? Heaven's blessing be upon 
his head forever ! You and your government have failed to 
conquer, subdue or match him, and disappointed rage and malice 
find vent upon the helpless and inoffensive. 

'^ Hyena-like, you have torn my heart to i)ieces ; for all hal- 
lowed memories clustered around that homestead ; and demon- 
like, you have done it without even the pretext of revenge, for I 
never saw nor harmed you. Your office is not to lead, like a 
brave man and a soldier, your men to tight in the i-anks of war, 
but your work has been to separate yourself from all danger, 
and with your incendiary band, steal unawares upon helpless 
women and children to insult and destroy. Two fair homes did 
you yesterday ruthlessly lay in ashes, giving not a moment's 
warning to the startled inmates of your wicked jjurpose ; turn- 
ing mothers and children out of doors, your very name execrated 
by your own men for the cruel work you gave them to do. 

''In the case of Colonel A. R. Boteler, both father and mother 
were far away. Any heart but that of Captain Martindale (and 
yours) would have been touched by that little circle, comprising 
a widowed daughter just risen from her bed of illness, her three 
little fatherless babes — the oldest not five years old — and her 
heroic sister. I repeat, any man would have been touched at 
that sight. But, Captain Martindale, one might as well hope to 
find mercy and feeling in the heart of a wolf sent on his prey of 
young lambs as to search for such qualities in his bosom. You 
have chosen well your agent for such deeds, and doubtless will 
j)romote him ! 

''A Colonel of the Federal army has stated that you 
deprived forty of your officers of their commands because they 
refused to carry out your malignant mischief. All honor 
to their names for this, at least. They aie men — they 



ANTIETAM. 95 

have hninan hearts, and they blush for such a commander. 

^' I ask, who that does not wish infanij- and disgrace attached 
to him forever woukl serve under you ! Your name will stand 
on liistory's page as the hunter of weak women and innocent 
children ; the hunter to destro}^ defenseless villages and refined 
and beautiful homes — to torture afresli the agonized liearts of 
the widows ; the hunter of Africa's poor sons and daughters, to 
lure them on to ruin and death of soul and body ; the hunter 
with the relentless heart of a wild beast, the face of a fiend, and 
the foi-m of a man. Oh, earth, behold the monster ! Can I say, 
' God foi'give you V Xo prayer can be offered for you ! "Were 
it possible for human lij)s to raise your name heavenward, angels 
would thrust the foul tiling back again, and demons claim their 
own. The curses of thousands, the scorn of the manly and up- 
right, and the hatred of the true and honorable, will follow you 
and yours through all time, and brand j'our name infamy ! 
infainj^ ! 

Again, I demand why have you burned my house? Answer 
as you must answer before the Searcher of all hearts ; why have 
you added this cruel, wicked deed to your many crimes? 

Hexrietta E. Lee." 

'•I have only recited the more prominent incidents of Hun- 
ter's brief career in the Valley of Virginia. The United States 
government could not stand it, his army could not stand it, as 
many of his prominent officers yet living tell how keenh^ they 
felt the stigma such acts — beyond their control — brought on 
them. Shortly after the date of Mrs. Lee's letter he was re- 
moved, to the honor of the service, and Gen. Sheridan was his 
successor. If the people of Chambersburg will carefully read 
this record of wanton destruction of private property, this 'o'er 
true tale' of cruel wrong inflicted on the helpless, thej^ will 
understand why, when goaded to madness, remuneration was 
demanded at their hands bj' Gen. Early, and upon its refusal 
retaliation was inflicted on the nearest comnuuiity that could be 
reached, and it was their misfortune to be that community. Con- 
trast Lee in Pennsylvania in 1863 and hunter in Virginia in 
1864, and judge them both as history will." 

About the same time that the residences of Messrs. Boteler 
and Lee were burned, Gen. Hunter sent Capt. Martiudale to 
Charles Town, Avitli orders to burn the residence of his cousin, 
the Hon. Andrew Hunter, of whose generous hospitality he had 
tVe(piently partaken before the war. Mr. Hunter was in Rich- 
mond, but his family were occupying the residence, the hand- 



96 SOUVENIE AND (tUIDE BOOK. 

soDiest ill the town. Mrs. Hunter heiiij;- an inxalid. ('apt. M-a\- 
tinda'.e exliiliitod his orders tVoni Gen. Hnnter and i)roc*eis'.('d to 
e.xecute them in a sununary manner. Mrs. Hnnter liad to he 
carried from iier home bj^ lier daug-hters and a siM\ant. and ^la:- 
tindale turned a deaf ear to an appeal Cor permission to re:ii(>\e 
some prized mementos of a deceased daugliter. The toreli \vas 
applied in many places, and soon tliis beautiful residence and its 
valuable contents were but a heap of ashes. 

FINIS. 



IIAKM>r.l{ S FEKIJY AND VICIMTV. *.)', 

Summer Cottages and Hotels of Harper's Ferry and 
Bolivar Heights. 



F 




COTTAGE OF CAPT J. J McCONNELL, WASHINGTON. D. C. 





ill 



" C11...S .-....^^AH," on SHENANDOAH, 
COTTAGK OF COL. H. R. .MILES, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



9S 



SOUVEXIR AXD GUIDE; BOXDK. 




i=S!««l 8^2^^ |i^^^5g IS^ 






;- 1 ,111 »2i(^j2* 



y}^r-v 







DUNLALLIE" ON POTOMAC, cottage of capt. t. m. mcdugal, u. s. a. 



n.Vin'RR S FERRY AND VKIMTV 



99 




-TERRACE," RESIDENCE OF .\\R. GEO. BREADV, high street. 




BoN AIR," ON POTOMAC. COTTAGE OF A\R. CHAS. H. FISHBAUGH, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 






fe 





harper' ferry and vicixity. 



101 




'THE OUTLOOK," bolivar HLiuiii;>, i^oHAub uh uk.-,. l. c. Goodman, 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 



^ HOTELS. -J^ 




HOTEL CONNER, SHENANDOAH ST., HARPERS FERRY, 

S. GATRELL, PROP. 



102 



SOUVENIR AND GUIDE i OOK. 




BOLlVAk HbluHls HOlhL, uN BuLIvAk HfcluHlS. 
A. WALTER CLEVELAND AND NOAL T. WAHL, PROPS. 



harper's ferry and vicinity. 



103 




-L lui' .iOL.-.L. ON BANKS i'O I OAiAt,, 
T. H. LOVETT, (COL.) PROP. 




HUTEL blU 



.MISS .H. L. JO.NES, l'KOPRit;TKHSS. 




LOCKWOi 'I> H( r-^l ON THE SHENANDOAH RIVER. 

A. P. UANUklDGE, (COL.) PROP. 



104 



SOUVENIR AND GUIDE E()(^K. 




McDowell IL iI ^l -in shenandoah rivep, 

BROWN E. A\clJOVVELL, (COL.) PROP. 




WAR MUSEUM OF A. SPENCER, oppositk harper's ferry. 



